Nynorsk

The nynorsk (pronunciation API: ) indicates several things:

  1. the nynorsk (French néo-Norwegian), called landsmål before 1929, is one of the two standards of the Norwegian written language. The second is the Bokmål. May 12th, 1885, a law regards the two languages as equal, and in 1980 they are both recognized like official languages. The nynorsk is used today by approximately 10 to 15% of the population. This article concentrates on this first définition.

  2. Le nynorsk indicates the most recent form of the Norwegian language, in opposition to the Norrois and with the Mellomnorsk (Norwegian of the Middle Ages). The Nynorsk as a definition of modern Norwegian finds his origin around the years 1550/1600, and corresponds to all the modern standards of Norwegian, i.e. the nynorsk itself, the Bokmål, the Landsmål, the Høynorsk or the Riksmål.

  3. Nynorsk can be used as adjective compared to definitions 1 and 2.

Development of the nynorsk

After having travelled in all the Norway during four years, Ivar Aasen publishes in 1848 Det norske Folkesprogs Grammatik ( Grammaire of the popular Norwegian language ) then Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog ( popular Norwegian Dictionary language ) in 1850. In 1853 leaves Prøver af Landsmaalet I Norge ( Essai on the Language of the country in Norway ), which is its proposal for a new Norwegian standard linguistic based on a gathering of all the Dialecte S that he studied. The essence of the work comes from the Dialecte S from the areas from the Vestland, of the interior of the Østland, the Trøndelag and the southern part of the Nordland. Those of the south of Østland and the Sørland were used less because they were too much influenced by the Danish and do not reflect the original Dialecte S.

The nynorsk was built thanks to the assembly of the Dialecte S studied by Aasen. In the cases of words presenting of many differences according to the Dialect S, Aasen followed the method historical/etymological . Schematically, that means that he sought an origin common to the forms alternatives. For example, if the Dialecte S varied between the forms gutta, gutane, gutan , and guttane , the author chose to spell it gutarne that he considered to approach the other forms as well as possible. In certain cases that led to the use of forms which were not any more use. Many then was removed or regarded as optional.

Statistics on the nynorsk

It is difficult to know which is the share of the Norwegian population which uses the nynorsk like Native tongue, but one estimates it between 10 and 12  %. The nº&thinsp report/ratio; 48 of the Storting of 2002-2003, noted that the nynorsk was rather localized in the areas of the west.

In 2002,27  % of the communes (which gather 12  % of the population) adopted the nynorsk like principal language against 37  % for the Bokmål, 36  % being neutral. On 4549 Norwegian publications in 2000,8  % were in nynorsk against 92  % in bokmål or riksmål. At October 1st 2002: 89679 pupils, is 14,7  % of the pupils of the elementary school, had for Native tongue the nynorsk. The great majority lives in Vestland (west), where the share of the nynorsk is of 45,24  %. Out of Vestland, this share rises with 2,7  % (figures of 2003). This percentage fell during the time of the Après-guerre, and the percentage of pupils who attend Lycée S nynorsk is reduced more and more, even if the exact figures are not known. However, 10-11% of the Norwegian conscripts state to use the nynorsk, 11% of the population receive its income tax return in nynorsk and 8,46% of the users of the postal bank declare users of this language.

See too

External bonds

  • Nynorsk.no, topicality of the nynorsk
  • the Center Ivar Aasen and of information on the Norwegian language
  • Web site of Språkrådet, the Council of the Norwegian language
  • Articles on the language, media and the nynorsk

Sources

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