This article treats literal denomination of the Nombre S in French language.

General information

Denominations

See names of the powers of 10

According to the countries

Belgium

Elementary denominations

• 70 = seventy

• 80 = Eighty
• 90 = Ninety

The pronunciation of twenty is always (in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais also).

The pronunciation of eight is instead of.

Canada and France

Elementary denominations

• 70 = Seventy

• 80 = Eighty
• 90 = Ninety

Swiss

Elementary denominations

• 70 = seventy

• 80 = Huitante or Eighty
• 90 = Ninety

Whereas the Helvétisme Huitante is employed in French-speaking Switzerland in the cantons of Vaud and Freiburg, Octante - which appears in all the editions of the Dictionnaire of the French Academy and which is advised by the official Instructions of 1945 to facilitate the training of calculation - is not used almost any more in the French-speaking world, except for some villages of the Canton of Freiburg.

In the cantons of Geneva, the Jura or of Neuchâtel one uses Eighty .

Rules

Agreements

• the numbers are in great majority invariable of number, except exceptions.
• the numbers are invariable in kind, except 1, written a with the masculine and a with the female one. (Example: a bicycle, a bicycle)

Hyphen (news orthography)

The new orthography, obtained by applying the orthographical Corrections, is recommended. One writes the numeral made up ones with hyphens between each element (e.g.: blackjack ).
The new orthography is not-ambiguous; thus one distinguishes:

• thousand-hundred-twenty-seventh (1127e)
• of mille-cent-vingt seventh (1120/7)
• of mille-cent twenty-seventh (1100/27)
• of thousand hundred and twenties - seventh (1000/127)

Or:

• twenty and one third (20 + 1/3)
• of third blackjack (21/3)

Hyphen (old orthography)

The old orthography remains correct, but is ambiguous. The elementary denominations forming of the numbers lower than hundred are connected between them by hyphens, except when they are bound by the conjunction and .

• 28 = twenty-eight
• 31 = thirty and a
• 124 = a hundred and twenty-four
• 777 = seven hundred seventy-seven
• 851 = eight hundred and fifty and a

Agreement of the numbers

Million, billion and the multiple superiors are names , not adjectival cardinal: they agree all the time.

Twenty varies in eighty only when it is not followed of another adjectival cardinal.

• 90 = ninety
• 180 = a hundred and four twenty S
• 183 = a hundred and four twenty-three
• 80.000 = quatre-vingt-mille
• 80.000.000 = eighty S - million

Hundred varies only when it is not followed of another adjectival cardinal.

• 100 = hundred
• 300 = three hundred S
• 303 = three hundred - three
• 300.000 = three hundreds - thousand
• 300.000.000 = three hundred S - million

Thousand is an invariable adjective.

• 3.000 = trois-mille
• 3.033 = trois-mille-trente-trois
• 3.300 = trois-mille-trois-cents

The preceding rules apply to the cardinal numbers. For the ordinal numbers, twenty and hundred remain invariable. One will thus write:

• the page four
• the page eighty
• the page three hundred
• the year mille-neuf-cent-quatre-vingt

Thousand

Thousand, when it is used to note a date lower than 2000, can be written millet .

Archaism

Whereas the Romance languages use derivatives of the Latin normally septuaginta , octoginta and nonaginta for 70,80 and 90 ( cf Spanish setenta , ochenta , and noventa or Portuguese setenta , oitenta and noventa ), French of France makes use of made up expressions at base 20 (the vigesimal system ). Their origin is not clear, and the recourse to one supposed vigesimal numeration Gaulois E is a fast short cut that the analysis of detail does not confirm. A Scandinavian influence is also possible (the Danish, for example, uses the base twenty in certain numbers). The Breton uses it too. At all events, Swiss French of and Belgium, mainly, can use terms resulting from the Latin decimal system.

The use of base 20 is found in old expressions; formerly, one could use quinze-vingts to say three hundred (from where the Hôpital of Quinze-Vingts to Paris, founded by Louis IX towards 1260 to accommodate the blind men and equipped with three hundred places, from where XV-XX), or six-vingts to say a hundred and twenty (thus known as Frosine in the Avare of Molière to Harpagon by flattering it on its longevity: “By my faith, I said hundred years, but you will pass the six-vingts. ”, act II, scene 5).

Anecdote

• septante-dix is an expression employed by the Belgian group Sttellla in its song the Eighties .

See too

Related articles

• Number

• List of the numbers
• Name of the great numbers
• Decimal system
• vigesimal System
• positional decimal Writing
• Figure arabo-Indian
• Numbering system
• Numbers in the world

External bonds

• Numbers in all letters: Numbers: Curiosities, theory and uses.

• numbers of zero ad infinitum: in the dictionary of the numbers.
• the rule of agreement of twenty and one hundred with examples: .

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