The nuclear disarmament is the expression which indicates a political will Antinucléaire so that the military powers all over the world control, limits and reduces their nuclear arsenals.

History

States having or having had the nuclear weapon

nuclear weapons were used within the framework of quarrelsome military operations twice: by the United States on the towns of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the Japan, during the Second world war.

Quickly after the acquisition of the nuclear weapon by the United States in 1945, in the space of a few years, several other countries joined it in this race:

• (1949)
• the United Kingdom (1952)
• France (1960)
• China (1964)
• , a programme of acquisition of the nuclear weapon started at the beginning of the Années 1960, the country would be currently equipped with the nuclear power
• Sweden, developed a program in the Années 1950 and had the nuclear weapon. It gave up the atomic weapon by signing the Traité nuclear non-proliferation (NPT) in 1968
• India (1974), with a military test in 1998
• South Africa, a military nuclear program existed in the Années 1970 and was dismantled in 1990
• Pakistan (1998)
• Ukraine and Kazakhstan, returned the nuclear weapons of the Soviet Union after its dissolution
• , carried out a test in 2006

Other countries are, or, were suspected of wanting to develop a military nuclear program, like the Algérie, the Brésil, the Iran, the Iraq, the Syria, the Saudi Arabia, etc

Treaties of control of the armaments

In a climate of relaxation of the Cold war, the international community estimated in the Années 1960 which had to be stopped the proliferation of the nuclear weapons.

The first stage was the signature of the Traité prohibition partial of the nuclear tests, signed in 1963 with Moscow, by the United States, the USSR and Great Britain.

In 1968, an major advance is carried out by the conclusion of the Traité nuclear non-proliferation (NPT) which was signed by the totality of the States of the world except the India, the Pakistan and Israel.

Started in 1969, the Negotiations on the limitation of the strategic armaments, between the United States and the Soviet Union, arrive at the conclusion of treaties SALT I in 1972 and SALT II in 1979. These agreements on the planning and the control of the production of strategic weapons will be prolonged by the Traité reduction of the strategic weapons (START I and II, respectively signed in 1991 and 1993).

Also, the treaty on the intermediate Nuclear forces (FNI) is signed in 1987. Lastly, the Negotiations MBFR (on the mutual reduction and the balance of the forces in Europe), which had been committed since 1973 between the Warsaw Pact and NATO, led to the signature into 1990 of an important agreement of disarmament of the conventional Armed forces in Europe.

Current location

However, in spite of these various engagements and in spite of the fall of the Communist bloc, the proliferation continues. And several countries always have military nuclear programs.

The nuclear powers continue to develop and modernize their arsenals, through the modernization of their arsenal (like France with the development of the Missile M51 intended to succeed the Missile M45), but also through digital simulations (the nuclear tests having been given up by the principal nuclear powers).

Currently, the North Korea has less than ten nuclear warheads according to the intelligence services of the United States. Following this revelation, the North Korea withdrew itself from the NPT in 2002, but after negotiations, it agrees into 2005 to be reinstated there. But the October 9th 2006 it carries out an unauthorized test, in answer, the Safety advice of the United Nations vote the resolution 1718 which envisages in particular economic sanctions.

The Iran perhaps also has a military program of nuclear research, an investigation is currently (January 2006) in hand. Iran built a nuclear plant which will produce plutonium who could be used with fine soldiers|date= September 19th, 2007 .

See too

• Nuclear proliferation
• assured mutual Destruction
• nuclear War
• nuclear Terrorism
• antinuclear Movement

Organizations for nuclear disarmament

• International association of the doctors for the prevention of the nuclear war
• Movement of peace
• Committee created by the resolution 1540 (2004)

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