Nostradamus , born Michel de Nostredame (December 14th 1503 with Saint-Rémy-of-Provence - July 2nd 1566), is a Médecin (either truth, or alleged) and Apothicaire French. Practitioner the Astrology like all his fellow-members at the time of the Rebirth, it is especially known for his predictions on the walk of the world.
Biography
He was born from Jaumet (or Jacques) of Nostredame and Reynière (or Renee) of Saint-Remy cheese. According to some, it would be the elder one of the eighteen children of the couple. The name of Nostredame comes from his/her grandfather Juif, Crescas of Carcassonne, which chooses the name of Pierre de Nostredame during his conversion to the Catholicisme, probably in 1458, with the agreement of the archbishop of Arles, Pierre de Foix.
Its childhood
As of its childhood, Nostradamus would have been entrusted “to education” its aïeux ones. In 1506, its Great-grandfather Jean de Saint-Rémy, former Saint-Remy cheese doctor and treasurer, would have transmitted to him the rudiments of mathematics and the letters. But, in fact, this old character seems to have disappeared as of 1504.
Its years of studies
He leaves very young person to Avignon to obtain his diploma of Bachelier there are arts, but must only leave the university after one year, because of the arrival of the Peste. Last nine years later, having however practiced as apothecary, it is registered with the Faculté of Montpellier to gain its doctorate in medicine there. It is made known thanks to the remedies that it developed as an apothecary, of which famous “the balls of senteur ”. But it is expelled soon to have exerted this trade “ manuel ” prohibited by the statutes of faculty.
Marriages and professions
In 1531, Nostredame Marie with the girl of notable of Agen, which will give him two children, a boy and a girl. In 1533, it is established with Agen, where it practices the medicine of home care. It binds to it friendship with Jules César Scaliger. This Italy N, installed with Toulouse, scholar of the Rebirth, is “ an incomparable character, if not with a Plutarque ” according to Nostradamus; he writes on all. Impertinent, it attacks everyone, is interested in the Botanique and manufactures Pommade S and Onguent S. But this “ imposteur ” worries the religious authorities by its ideas a little too progressists for the time. The population however rents the talents of the two doctors at the time of the epidemic of 1534. In 1534, the wife and the two children of Nostredame die at the time of an epidemic of Peste which devastates the city. At that time, the Inquisition of Toulouse carries out a survey into the doubtful frequentations of Nostredame, and asks him to be explained on its relations with some “ non-believer who felt the fagot ”.Nostredame leaves Agen then and achieves 1540 with 1545 a turn of France which leads it to meet many personalities, scientists and doctors. A very doubtful tradition affirms that it remained a time with the abbey of Orval, in the Province of Luxembourg in Belgium, which depended on the Ordre of Cîteaux. One sees certainly it with Lyon in 1547 when he is opposed to the Lyons doctor Philibert Sarrazin, Vienna, Valence, Marseilles, Aix-en-Provence and, finally, with Arles, where he ends up being established. There, it develops a drug containing plants, able, according to him, to prevent the plague. In 1546, it tries out it in Aix at the time of a terrible epidemic: its remedy seems effective like Prophylactique, but he will write itself later that “ seignées, the cordial drugs, catartic, others do not avoyent either of effective but rien. ” (Treated fardemens and jams, Lyon, 1555, p. 52) In spite of this doubtful success, Nostredame is called on the spot where epidemics are announced. At the same time, it starts to publish almanacs which mix with weather forecasting, the medical councils and the receipts of beauty by the plants. He also studies the stars.
November 11th 1547, it marries in second weddings Anne Ponsard, a young widow of Living room-of-Provence, then called Living room-with-Craux . The couple occupies the house which shelters the Nostradamus Museum today. It will have six children, including three girls and three boys; the elder one, César, will become Consul of Living room, historian, biographer of his father, painter and poet.
Nostredame takes time to travel to Italy, of 1547 with 1549. It is besides in 1549 qu ' it meets with Milan a specialist in vegetable Alchimie, which makes him discover the virtues of the Confiture S which cure. It tries out treatments containing these vegetable jams and, of return in France, it publishes in 1552 its Traité jams and fardements .
In 1550, it starts, like so many others, by publishing a “almanac”, i.e. a Calendrier of predictions based primarily on the stars. The kind is extremely snuffed of the people. He has fun to work his first forecasts in an enigmatic style and polyglot who seems to have made the task difficult with the editors, to judge some by the many shells (where some see the sign which the author was dyslexic). As of this date, Michel de Nostredame signs his Quatrain S of the name of Nostradamus . This name is not the exact Latin transcription of Nostredame, which would be rather Domina will nostra or Nostra dominated . In correct Latin, Nostradamus could mean: “We give (damus) the things which are ours” or “We give (damus) the panaceas” ( nostrum , in the plural), but it is also allowed to see there a dressing-up macaronic (and very happy) of Nostredame.
In 1555, installed with Living room-of-Provence, it decides to join together its predictions in a work more ambitious than it makes print with Lyon, at Macé Bonhomme, first book of its famous Centurie S which were to be ten. Its fame is such as it becomes one of the astrologer S appointed of Catherine de Médicis, which calls it at the court and will make appoint it doctor and advise of the king Charles IX in 1564. Then, it sets out again with Salon, where Charles IX, then Henri de Navarre (the future Henri IV) will return visit to him.
It is however on order of the young king Charles IX that, a few front years, in the Château of Marignane, the Count de Tende, lord of Marignane and governor of Provence, had held Nostradamus in prison. Of passage to Salon on December 16th, 1561, the count made stop Nostradamus and brought it with him in its castle of Marignane. The two men were friendly and the prison held rather of the setting in residence. The next December 18th, Claude of Tends writes to the king: " Taking into consideration Nostradamus, I ay faict to seize it and am avecques me, luy having defended to make almanacz and pronostications more, which he promised to me. It you will like to me mander what it you plaist that I in fasse." Nostradamus had indeed published its predictions for 1562 without the authorization of the bishop, thus contravening the ordinance of Orleans of January 31st, 1561.
Diseases and dead
If it is necessary to take with the letter what Nostradamus, in the foreword of the first edition of its Prophecies, known as of its " comitiale agitation hiraclienne" , he suffered from epilepsy. Precise Doctor Lucien De Luca: psychic epilepsy (or partial complex epilepsy), and adds to the clinical picture the dyslexia. One must however receive with prudence a diagnosis posed with more than four centuries of distance and based on writings as strange as those of Nostradamus. One can hold for more assured (see Leroy) whom reaches of the drop and cardiac failure, he died on July 2nd 1566 with Living room-of-Provence of a edema known as cardiopulmonary.
Prophecies
The '' Prophéties '' (including/understanding ten Centuries , a centurie being a whole of one hundred Quatrain S) are republished several times of alive sound, with, until its death, of new additions. The first edition counts 353 quatrains, the last (posthumous), 942. It is possible that with this work, particularly neat and filled of erudite references, Nostradamus discounted touch a cultivated public, trained of humanistic S, well-read men and the powerful ones.The Centuries gave place to the publication of almost ten thousand works. Today still, in spite of serious work, no one cannot say exactly what they mean.
As always for Nostradamus, it is necessary to show a certain reserve. Its obscure style and its vocabulary, mix Vieux French, of Latin and of Provençal, to the exégètes a great freedom of interpretation gives. Nostradamus is a “virtuoso of the ambiguity”, which multiplied the Anagramme S, the Symbole S, the mythological references and encrypted all its quatrains using stylistic devices.
This omnipresent ambiguity supports obviously very subjective interpretations. The Centuries are not explicit at all, and any event tallying a posteriori with one of multiple interpretations of a paragraph is presented like interpretation right - several interpretations " justes" of the same prophecy cohabiting sometimes at same the exégètes.
Most famous of the quatrains considered prophetic
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most famous of the quatrains considered prophetic of Nostradamus (with, perhaps the “quatrain of Varennes” IX, 20) is the thirty-fifth of the first centurie (Centurie I, quatrain 35)
- According to the followers of a prophetic reading, this quatrain would refer to dead Henri II.
- In June 1559, the king Henri II faces the count de Montgomery, at the time of a tournament of knighthood. They would have carried both a lion like badge. Henri II accepted the lance of his adversary in his helmet (according to some, out of gold) and had the transpierced eye. He died ten days later. Sometimes
- One says (without convincing references) that, during the publication of the first edition of Centuries in 1555, Henri II, whose woman, Catherine de Médicis, were an enthusiastic admiror of Nostradamus, would have been informed presence of this quatrain but would have especially taken account of the presence of the word “duel”, which at its time indicated especially a payment by the weapons of a disagreement between two people and would thus not have been wary at the time of the tournament of knighthood which was fatal for him.
- Voici what P. Brind' Amour says (which, for its part, thinks that Nostradamus interprets a celestial wonder such as that which one saw in Switzerland in 1547, showing a combat between two lions): “This quatrain, most famous of the Centuries , makes the delights of the amateurs of Occultisme, who want to see there the advertisement of the tournament which opposed Henri II and the sior Gabriel de Lorge, count de Montgomery, on July 1st, 1559. It is known that Henri II, wounded with the eye by his adversary, died of his wound the next on July 10th. The skeptics, of which I am, are filled with wonder at coincidence; the followers see there the proof of what they always knew, namely that Nostradamus had a gift of perspicacity. However nobody at the time made the bringing together. ” ( Nostradamus astrophile , p. 267; first Centuries or Prophecies , pp. 99-101).
- B. Chevignard as notes him, as “neither Blaise de Monluc, neither François de Vieilleville, neither Claude of Aubespine, nor Brantôme mention any on this subject prophecy of the oracle of Living room, but give a report of their own premonitory dreams or a prediction of the Neapolitan astrologer Luca Gaurico”.
- B. Chevignard concerns moreover than, in its Présages in prose, at the end of what the month of June 1559 concerns (Henri II was wounded in June and died in July), Nostradamus, after having written “Some large Prince, Seigneur & sovereign dominator to die, others to weaken, & others largely pericliter”, which makes exclaim with its devoted exégète Chavigny: “Icy infallibly is predicted the death of Roy Henry II”, had added immediately afterwards: “France largely to increase, triumph, magnifier, & much more it his Monarch”, from where this second comment of Chavigny: “This is known as to disguise the fact. ”
- Chavigny, moreover, did not interpret either quatrain I, 35 to him like announcing the death of Henri II. This interpretation is not attested before the Histoire and chronicle of Provence , of César de Nostredame, 1614, p. 782.
- In June 1559, the king Henri II faces the count de Montgomery, at the time of a tournament of knighthood. They would have carried both a lion like badge. Henri II accepted the lance of his adversary in his helmet (according to some, out of gold) and had the transpierced eye. He died ten days later. Sometimes
Some quatrains which seem to be copied
In the Epistle in Henri Second which precedes the three last Centuries by its Prophéties , Nostradamus seems to say that its gifts of indicator revealed sometimes not the future but the past to him: “almost calculating as many the adventures of time to come, like last ages”.Its admiring Chavigny interpreter entitled besides Janus François a book where he explained certain quatrains by events former to their publication.
In letters published in 1724 by the Mercure de France , an anonymity also raised him of “prophecies” of Nostradamus which seemed turned towards the past and, to the différece of Chavigny, it concluded from it that Nostradamus made fun of sound lecteur.
The existence of “quatrains of the past” received several confirmations, especially thanks to work of Pierre Brind' Amour, which dates from the last years of the XXe century. One thus discovered loans very Nets with the astrologer Richard Roussat, the scholar Florentin Petrus Crinitus and with ancient authors like Tite-Live, Julius Obsequens etc
Here some examples.
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Centurie 1, quatrains 1 and 2:
the rod in hand put in the middle of Branches, Of the wave it moulds & the limb & the foot. Vn fear (conjecture: Vapor) & voices quiver by the handles, Splendor diuine. The diuin meadows assied.
Petrus Crinitus, Of honesta Disciplined , republished to Lyon in 1543, delivers 20, pays, according to Jamblique (translated into Latin by Marsile Ficin), how the Sibyls practiced the divination " in Branches" (" in Branchis"). In some lines, it is question of a " blow or fire ténu" (" tenuem spiritum and ignem"); of a sitted pythea " on a seat of airain" (" super aeneam sellam"), of another which holds " a rod in its main" (" virgam manu gestat"), bathes in water its feet and the edge of its clothing (" fags limbumque undis proluit") or the " aspires; vapeur" (" vaporem") and is filled up of " splendor divine" (" divino splendore").
(Noted by P.Brind' Love, 1996, p. 45-51.)
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Centurie 1, quatrain 42:
In the same book of Petrus Crinitus, L. 7, ch. 4, it is question of Gnostic (" Gnostici") who, seeking to benefit from the lesson of Psellus and Origène Adamantius (" Psellus, Origenes Adamantius"), are assembled (" convenire") ten of the Calends of April (" X. Cal. Apri.") and, all extinct lights (" luminibus extinctis"), make abominations.
(Noted by P. Brind' Love, 1996, p. 108-112.)
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Centurie 2, quatrain 41:
Julius Obsequens, Delivers Wonders, tells that after the assassination of Jules César, " a star burned during seven days. Three suns were shining (...). Howls of dogs were heard of night in front of the house of the large pontiff (...). "
(Noted by Brind' Love, 1996, p. 250-3.)
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Centurie 5, quatrains 6 and 75:
Will go up high on the good: place more with dextral, Demourra sitting on the quarrée stone: Towards the midy posed with the sinistral one, Baston tortu in hand, stops tight.
Tite-Live tells thus the inauguration of king Numa Pompilius:
“Then, under the control of the omen (...), Numa went to the citadel and sat down on a stone vis-a-vis midday. The omen took seat on its left, the buckled head and holding of the right hand a bent stick and without node called lituus . From there, embracing glance the city and the countryside, it (...) marked in the sky the areas by a line traced of the east in the west and specified that the areas of right-hand side were those of midday, the areas of left those of north (...). Then, making pass the lituus in its left hand, and placing the line on the head of Numa, asked a sign on behalf of the gods. ”
Immediately afterwards, Tite-Live says that Numa was a peaceful king who raised the temple of Janus to symbolize peace, and it rents the reigning emperor, Auguste, to be him also peaceful.
(Noted per G. Dumézil 1984.)
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Centurie 6, quatrain 100:
Petrus Crinitus, at the end of sound Of honesta disciplined , already quoted, had put this Latin stanza:
Legis cautio countered ineptos criticos What legent hosce libros, mature censunto: Profanum uolgus & inscium, attrectato: Omnesque legulei, blenni, barbari procul sunto: Which to confine to bed faxit, is rite sacer esto.
(Noted by Brind' Love, 1990, p. 99-100)
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Centurie 7, quatrain 41:
Pline the Young person, Letters, VII, 27: “There was in Athens a vast and roomy, but décriée and disastrous house. In the silence of the night, one heard an iron noise (...) and one crumpling of chains (...). Soon the spectrum appeared: (...) its feet were charged with obstacles and its iron hands which it shook. (...) Also, in loneliness and the abandonment to which she was condemned, this house remained delivered very whole to its mysterious host. (...) Athénodore philosopher rents the house and takes care during the night there. The spectrum occurs and invites it to follow it in the court, where it disappears. Athénodore marks the place. The following day, it will find the magistrates and advises to them to excavate in this place. One found there bones intertwined in chains. (...) They were gathered, one buries them publicly and, after these last duties, it dead did not disturb any more the rest of the house. ” (transl. De Sacy and Pierrot)
(Noted by E. Gruber, p. 193.)
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Centurie 9, quatrain 20:
In the Guide of the ways of France , published (E) at Charles Estienne in 1553, pages 137 to 140 relate to the borders of Maine and Brittany, at a rate of some short lines per page.
One finds there the mentions following:
p. 137: Vaultorte, Heruee (probably shell for current Ernée), a brook " making the departure (cfr. the two leave Nostradamus) of the county of Maine and the duchy of Bretaigne" ;
p. 138: Forest of Rennes;
p. 139: Varennes;
p. 140: the stone blanche.
(Noted by Chantal Liaroutzos, 1986)
Some discovered in this direction were presented directly on Internet, without former publication in book or review. Thus L. of Luca discovered that the Latin stanza put by Nostradamus in the prolog of its Paraphrase of Galien is drawn from the Inscriptiones sacrosanctae vetustatis , work of Petrus Apianus and Bartholomeus Amantius, published in Ingolstadt in 1534. (This loan had escaped in P. Brind' Amour, edition of the First Centuries , Droz, 1996, p. 277.)
Likewise, P. Guinard discovered that Ulrich von Hutten is quoted very often in the Présages of Nostradamus and that it provided matter to at least quatrains of the Prophéties :
" (a) small obscurum and condit Luna tenebris
Quoque Ipse obducta metal disc ferrugine frater. "
(" Twice the Moon seeks the darkness and hides in darkness,
And his/her brother himself fades, covered of a ferruginous color ")
(Ulric von Hutten, Poemata, ED. Böcking, p.253, reproduced on the site of the university of Mannheim)
" The moon darkened with deep darkness,
His/her brother pasle of color ferrugine "
(Nostradamus, Prophecies , I, 84.)
Peter Lemesurier and Gary Somai also made interesting bringings together. See the http://www.placeoftheskull.com/ site
Forgery
Just after the Attacks of September 11th, 2001, the following text circulated much on Internet:In the City off God there will Be has great thunder, Two brothers torn apart by Chaos, while the fortress endure, the great leader will succumb, The third big war will begin when the big city is burning
translation:
In the city of God there will be large a tonnerre
Two brothers will be separated by the chaos
While the fortress endure
The large leader succombera
The third Great War will start when the large city burns
This text is not a quatrain of Nostradamus (it is not even a quatrain), it was written in 1997 and was published on a Web page by Neil Marshall, student Canadian of Brock University, which wanted to show that one could manufacture with the manner of Nostradamus of enough ambiguous prophecies to support many interpretations. What concerns the third Great War is not Neil Marshall and was added after the attacks of September 11th. (http://www.snopes.com/rumors/predict.htm#brothers).
Sizains, which was published for the first time at the 17th century, are regarded as forgery even by the partisans of the prescience of Nostradamus, because they are not in its style and its vocabulary and are much more explicit than the quatrains centuric. For example, the sizain 52:
the grand' Cité which does not have bread with demy Encor a blow the sainct Barthelemy Engravera with deep of its heart: Nisme, La Rochelle, Geneva & Montpellier, Castrate Lyon, Mars entering to the Ram, will be entrebatteront: the whole for a Lady
would evoke the Massacre of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, on August 24th, 1572. the grand' Cité would be Paris. Nisme, La Rochelle, Geneva & Montpellier are the four Protestant main cities. a Lady would indicate Catherine de Médicis.
There exists also the French translation of a mixture of hoaxes, voluntarily disconcerting, widespread in English after the Attentats of September 11th, 2001 (see above), and which, it is quite obvious, miss rhyme and the metric scansion which characterize the “ towards commun ” that Nostradamus used:
In the year of the new century and nine months, Of the sky will come a large king from terror… the sky will burn with forty-five degrees. fire approaches the great news city…
In the town of York, there will be a great collapse, Two twin brothers torn by chaos While the fortress falls the big boss will succumb the third Great War will start when the big city burns.
See too
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