Nose

See also: Nose (homonymy)

The nose (of the Latin nasus ) is the median projection of the Visage located above the higher Lèvre and which, by overhanging it, recovers the opening of the nasal fossae, which constitute the higher segment of the respiratory Tracts and contain the body of the Olfaction. It contributes, by delivering passage to the air, the achievement of the Respiration and the Phonation.

The nose is composed of the wings, the partition, hairs, the root and the nostrils.

In the language running, the nose designates in certain animals the upper part of the end of the Museau.

The Mucous which papers the nasal fossae is rich in blood-vessels, from where its pink color. It contains many glands with mucuses which maintain constantly it wet. This mucous membrane heats, humidifies and filters partially the air inspired.

To the pink mucous membrane is opposed the yellow mucous membrane, with sensory role. This one forms on the higher horn a spot about the square centimeter. It is low in vessels and glands, but it contains the nervous terminations of the olfactive nerve. This olfactive zone is sensitive to certain soluble substances in nasal mucus. When mucus is rare (in dry weather), smell is less good. When, on the contrary, mucus is too abundant (in the event of Rhume), the Odorat disappears almost.

Types of nose

There exist many qualifiers to describe the noses:
  • Turned-up nose , or nose mutineer , or turned up nose ,
  • Nose out of potato ,
  • Nose of pompette , to indicate a nose of drunkard,
  • Nose of Beet , for a enluminé nose, with bright colors,
  • Nose in nozzle of eagle or aquiline nose , in nozzle of vulture, falcon, bird of prey, nozzle of owl,
  • Nose in nozzle of Duck , or nose of corbin, with one disgracieuse projection on the level of the cartilagineuse nasal edge,
  • Turned-up nose , or nose in saddle , or nose out of spyglass , in the presence of a deformity of the nose resulting from collapse from its osseous part, its end appearing to be inserted in the root, with the ahead directed nostrils,
  • Nose bourbonien , if it is long and slightly convex,
  • Nez camus , short and flattened, crushed,
  • Nez busqué , with the convex profile,
  • Greek Nez .

Nose in the literature and the history

  • the most famous nose is that of Cléopâtre. " Nose of Cléopâtre: if it had been shorter, all the face of the earth would have changed. " - Blaise Pascal
  • the literary text most famous on this body is the tirade of the nose of Edmond Rostand, in the part of Théâtre Cyrano of Bergerac (act I, scene 4), published in 1898.

  • the news " Nez" of Nicolas Gogol (Arabesques, 1835) in which the main character loses his proboscis.

Perfumery

In Perfume ery, a nose is a person who prepares the mixtures of gasoline S to create a perfume. It is a trade: with the kingdom of the odors, he is the king. Knowing thousands of scents, it is able to analyze the fragrance (olfactive feeling) of a product and to attest quality of it. The nose dreams to create Chanel n° 5 of tomorrow or, at least, to take part in its development. After ten years of practice, when it identified and memorized the 1.500 primary products entering the composition of the perfumes, the perfumer can become formulator. With him then to choose the products (flowers, spices, juices) and the dominant one (floral, musky, peppered), to combine the gasolines until obtaining the juice. Chemical handling is very complex. Some drops here or there modify the odorous content of the mixture and that can turn to the vinegar! Hundreds of tests are necessary before the mass production. The nose also is very requested by cosmetic and food industries for the quality control. He works then in collaboration with the Aromaticien. No need to have the “conk” of Cyrano to know if the raw materials used for a deodorizer or a food are fresh. It is necessary to be able to recognize the odors. In the same way to attest as the perfume of synthesis of a detergent is in conformity with the original and than the consumer will like it.

Nose in the evolution

The nose is a character which evolved/moved starting from a ancestral Caractère: the truffle or Rhinarium. Indeed, the external nose is a derived Caractère specific to the primates Haplorrhinien S, which include/understand inter alia, the monkeys, gorillas and the Man. Indeed the cats, the dogs, or the primates Lémurien S do not have nose, but a Rhinarium. The nose thus appeared approximately 55 million years ago.

From the evolutionary point of view a nose is characterized by:

  • the presence of Poil S possible enters the Narine S,
  • the complete welding of the higher Lèvre and the slit between the Narine S.

Expressions

Many expressions use the term “nose”:
  • “With the nose and the beard”
  • “To have nose”
  • “To have the hollow” or “fine” nose
  • “To have somebody in the nose”
  • “That sees like the nose in the middle of the face”
  • “Making of its nose” (Belgium)
  • “Gain the fingers in the nose”
  • “To be nezu”
  • “To carry out somebody by the end of the nose”
  • “To put the nose”
  • “To show the end of its nose outside”
  • “not to further see that the end from its nose”
  • “Pass under the nose of somebody”
  • “Thumb your nose”
  • “To prick of the nose”
  • “Look at somebody under the nose”
  • “breaking the nose”
  • “to be nose with nose”
  • “To feel with full nose”
  • “To fall nose to nose”

See too

nose|nose

Related articles

  • nasal Cavité
  • Syndrome of the Nose Empties (SNV), also known under the name of Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS)

External bonds

  • Anatomy of the nose. H. Gouraud, J. Lebaudy, Martin-Lauzer. Newspaper of Medico-surgical Knowledge, 1844.
  • Anatomy of the nose, on the Doctissimo site.
  • See a diagram of the structure of the nose

Fiu-vro: Nõna Simple: Nose Zh-yue: 鼻

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