Norbert Wiener (born on November 26th, 1894 with Columbia, Missouri, the United States, dead on March 18th, 1964 with Stockholm, Sweden) was an American mathematician, theorist and researcher in Mathématiques applied, known, amongst other things, to be the founder of the Cybernétique.
Il was a pioneer in the study of the stochastic and the Bruit, thus contributing by its work to electrical engineering, the Télécommunications and the systems of Contrôle. Wiener is also the founder of the Cybernétique, a science which formalizes the concept of feedback (feedback) and with implications in the fields of engineering, of controls of system, data processing, the Biologie, the Philosophie and the organization of the company.
It exposed its theories on cybernetics in its book Cybernetics gold Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (Hermann Bookstore & Co, MIT Near, 1948).
Biography
It was born with Colombia in the Missouri, first child of Leo Wiener and Bertha Kahn. Leo was professor of Slavic languages to Harvard and was with Warsaw classmate of Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof. Child prodigy, Norbert could read with one year and half, and so was educated at the house up to seven years, reading at the same time most of the books of the library of his parents. He entered then to the school for one short period, before finishing most of his studies at the house. In 1903, it turned over to the secondary school Ayer until obtaining its diploma of secondary studies in 1906.In September 1906, at 11 years, it entered to the university of Tufts to study mathematics. It accepted its diploma in 1909 and entered to Harvard. It studied the Zoologie there, but in 1910 it left for the Université Cornell to begin a license in mathematics. The following year, it went back to Harvard where it began a thesis. Wiener obtained its Doctorat in Harvard in 1912 for a thesis on the Logique mathematics, it was then 18 years old.
After its defense of thesis, it leaves for the Europe, initially with Cambridge, where it works with Bertrand Russell and Godfrey Harold Hardy, then with Göttingen where it follows the courses of Edmund Landau and David Hilbert. It goes back then to Cambridge, then with the the United States. In 1915 - 1916, it teaches the Philosophie in Harvard, works for General Electric and then for Encyclopedia Americana , before working on the tables of Balistique to Aberdeen Proving Ground , in the Maryland. It remains there until the end of the war, after which it off obtains a post of professor of mathematics to the Massachusetts Institute Technology (MIT).
In 1926, it marries Margaret Engemann and turns over then to Europe as stock-broker Guggenheim. It passes the majority of its time to Göttingen or Cambridge with Hardy. He works in particular on the Brownian Movement, the Transformation of Fourier, the Problème of Dirichlet, the harmonic Analyze and the Théorèmes taubériens. In 1933, it receives the Prix Bôcher.
During the Second world war, he refused to take part in the Projet Manhattan (development project of the nuclear bomb), on the other hand he worked actively on the control of anti-aircraft defense in Artillerie, which encouraged it to synthesize its interests for the Communications theory and the Cybernétique. In 1943, with his collaborators Arturo Rosenblueth & Julian Bigelow, he proposed a new system of DCA which can envisage the trajectory of the target plane starting from a model analyzing the behavior of a pursued knowing himself pilot. From 1946 to 1950, it took part in the famous called interdisciplinary meetings Conférences Macy.
After war, according to Breton Philippe, traumatized by the implication of the scientists in the tragedies of Hiroshima and Auschwitz, it was transformed into apostle of a new laic religion: the Utopia of the communication , founded on comprehension and progress.
| Random links: | Friedensreich Hundertwasser | Ring Zutiques poets | LAMA (robot) | Aarne-Thompson classification | Myrmicinae |