Nitronium

The Ion nitronium NO₂⁺ is a compound nitrogenized unstable under the normal conditions. It east creates by the wrenching of an electron of a molecule of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) or by the Protonation of the nitric acid (HNO3).

It intervenes in the reaction of Nitration. One can highlight it by Spectroscopie in the mixtures of Acid sulphuric and Acid nitric according to the following reaction:

$H_2SO_4 + HNO_3 \ let us rightleftharpoons HSO_4^- + NO_2^+ + H_2O$

The ion nitronium also exists in the solid shape of hémipentoxyde N₂O₅ nitrogen, which is a formed ionic solid of ions nitronium and nitrate. Its forms liquid and gas, however, are molecular and do not contain an ion nitronium. Some nitronium salts formed with anions slightly nucleophilic, like perchlorate of nitronium, NO₂⁺ClO₄^- can be insulated but are extrement reactive.

The ion nitronium is Isoélectronique with carbon dioxide and like this compound, has a linear structure: connection ONO forms an angle of 180 °.

The compounds NO₂F (nitrile fluoride) and NO₂Cl (nitrile chloride), are not salts of nitronium but rather of the molecular compounds, as their low points of boiling show it (respectively -72°C and -6°C) and the low length of connections N-X (N-F 135 pm, N-Cl 184 pm).

The addition of an electron forms the neutral radical nitrile, ·NO₂; in fact, this one is rather stable and is known under the name of nitrogen dioxide.

The species negatively charged is NO₂^-, the ion nitrite.

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