Nilo Procópio Peçanha

Nilo Procópio Peçanha was a politician Brésil IEN (Campos), Rio de Janeiro, October 2nd 1867 - Rio de Janeiro, March 31st 1924). He assumed the presidency of the republic after the death of Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena, on June 14th, 1909, and controlled jusqu´au November 15th, 1910.

He finished his fundamental studies in his city, the Droit to São Paulo and, then, to Recife where he received his diploma. He took part in the free trade campaigns and republican. He began in the policy in 1890, elected at the constituent assembly. In 1903, he was successively senator and president of the State of Rio de Janeiro until 1906 when he was elected vice president of Afonso Pena. In 1909, with died of this last, he assumed the presidency.

Its government was marked by its divergences with Jose Gomes Pinheiro Machado, directing Preserving Republican party (Partido Republicano Conservador). At the time of the countryside common lawyer, the conflicts between oligarchies of the States increased, especially Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Nilo Peçanha created the Ministry for Agriculture, Commerce and Industry, the Protection service with the Indians (Brazil (SPI) and inaugurated, in Brazil, technical education. It managed the crisis of the First World War and began the cleansing of the Baixada Fluminense.

At the end of its mandate, it returned to the Senate and, two years later, it was again elected president of the State of Rio de Janeiro. It renonça with its mandate in 1917 to become Minister for the Foreign relations. In 1918, it was again elected senator and, in 1921, it was put at the chief candidate of the Movement Republican Reaction which had as a program to oppose political liberalism to the policy of oligarchies of the States.

He died in 1924, in Rio de Janeiro, far away from the political life.

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