See also: Nikola Tesla (homonymy)

Nikola Tesla (born the July 10th 1856 with Smiljan, in the military Borders of the Empire Austro-Hungarian - today in Croatia - and dead the January 7th 1943 with New York - the United States) was a Inventeur and Engineer Serbe.

Nikola Tesla was a inventor and Engineer in the field of the electricity. He is often regarded as one of the largest scientists in the history of Technology, to have deposited more than 900 patents (which are for the majority taken again with the account of Thomas Edison) treating new methods to approach the Transformation the energy. Moreover, Tesla is recognized like one of the most innovating engineers of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. For its part, he rather liked to be defined as a discoverer.

Its theories, its interest and its work more known, on the electrical energy, will lead it to work out the Alternative course, of which it is one of the pioneers. Tesla was interested much in the modern world and the electricity, which was the core of its inventions. It explored many questions in various fields of the Science and was used for itself about it to improve the human conditions while basing itself on the principles of the evolution of the modern Industrie, while seeking a compatibility with nature.

However number of its work are discussed still today. Among people who are interested in Tesla, much see in him the father of contemporary work HAARP. These still mysterious aspects of the personality (Death ray) of Tesla are used sometimes as support with certain research (free energy) considered as Pseudo-science by the majority of the scientists. Tesla nevertheless played the part of pioneer in many fields, which was worth to him to be badly perceived by some.

Biography

Childhood and studies

Of Serb origin , Nikola Tesla is before the last of an family of five children. His/her parents are both resulting families from Serb monks orthodoxe ( Tesla is a Serb word which means Herminette). The proper father of Nikola, Milutin Tesla, is in addition the orthodoxe priest of Smiljan. As of its childhood, following various events (in particular the death of his/her Danijel older brother), it develops intellectual capacities out of the commun run, to which it testifies in his Autobiographie '' My inventions ''. Among those, one can quote his very large photographic memory, an inventive genius, as well as a gift of visualization returning useless models and diagrams to him. At 17 years, it starts to invent and seems an autodidact.

In 1875, it enters to the polytechnic school of Graz, in Austria, where it study the Mathématiques, the Physique and the Mécanique. A purse is allotted to him by the administration of the military Borders (Vojna Krajina), putting it at the shelter money problems. This does not prevent it however from working with eagerness to assimilate the first two years program of studies in one year. The following year, the removal of the military Borders withdraws any financial aid in Tesla, except that, very thin, which his/her father can bring to him, which does not enable him to complete its second year of studies.

After a few last years to seek work, Nikola Tesla begins as an engineer in 1881, with Budapest, the central Office of the Télégraphe of the Hungarian government…

It is also interested in the Mythologie Hindou, then with the Sanskrit like Oppenheimer.

Professional path

  • In 1883, it works for the company Edison of Paris where it completes to develop the driving first with induction using the Alternative course. Nobody in Europe being interested in his Technology, it then agrees the offer of Thomas Edison to come to work with the E. - U..

  • In 1884, 28 years old, it unloads in the United States, where Edison has just created the electrical communication feeding the town of New York. This network, based on the D.C. current, suffers from serious dysfunctions: frequent accidents, regular breakdowns, several fires start… Moreover this electricity cannot be conveyed for a long distance, it requires a central both miles.

  • Tesla is in favor of the adoption of the Alternative course, which would solve all these problems, while Edison, burning defender of the D.C. current, is completely opposite there. Of this fact and because of the very narcissistic personalities of the two men, a savage opposition divides them, which leads Tesla to resign.

  • a group of financial, conscious of the economic potential, proposes in Tesla to found its clean company, “Nikola Tesla Company”, based with New York. Unfortunately it is made swindle and is found without money, the financial ones having recovered the company in which it had invested its economies.

  • In 1886, George Westinghouse is interested of close with the alternative course. As a direct competitor of Edison, he dreams to supply the the United States in electricity. He engages Tesla like advising. A titanic fight begins between Westinghouse-Tesla and Edison, it ends up turning to the advantage of the couple Westinghouse-Tesla.

  • In 1893, Westinghouse announces that its company has just obtained the contract of installation of all the electric infrastructure. One will soon exclusively use the alternative course recommended per Tesla.

Major inventions

  • One owes him the asynchronous electrical motor, the polyphase Alternateur, the three-phase star assembly, the Commutatrice.
  • He is the principal promoter of the transport of electrical energy in Alternative course.
  • In 1889 it is interested in the High frequency and produces a generator providing a frequency of 15 kilocycle.
  • It exposes in 1891, during demonstrations, its Lampe “high frequency” with carbon pastille more economic than our current fluorescent tubes and of which the concept precedes that of the accelerator with particles or that of the electron microscope.
  • In 1893, before even as Marconi did not show the possibility of transmitting telegraphic messages by Hertzian waves, Tesla had had a presentiment of the development of the transmission of electrical energy (wireless telecommunications: transfer of information, but not of energy) without wire. It can be regarded as one of the pioneers of the radio.
  • Starting from 1896, in parallel of Branly, it carries out experiments of remote control. While being based on the discharger of Hertz, it develops the reel which bears its name and which constitutes a first transmitter granted to deadened waves.
  • In 1898 it tests a tiny oscillator which it attaches to a cast iron pillar which crosses a building. That involves the vibration of all the building and the panic of the inhabitants who believe in an earthquake. Tesla has just shown the effect of the Résonance: “this beam could not have been destroyed with bludgeons, nor even with levers: it was enough to a gust of small blows which, taken separately, would not have made of evil to a fly”. This phenomenon has also applications in electricity.
  • Tesla discovers the principle of the reflection Onde S on the objects in 1900, it studies and publishes, in spite of financial problems, the bases of what later will become almost three decades the Radar.
  • Tesla defines the bases of the TV-automatic. It conceives that one can one day order vehicles to hundreds of kilometers without there being of crew, by using the wireless telegraphy. It creates two ships remote-controlled robots of which is sinkable.
  • Its patents of 1895 contain actually the specifications of a boat torpedoes without crew provided with six torpedes of 4,20 meters.
  • Tesla has, moreover, writes its theory on the weapons with energy directed before the beginning of the 20th century, its famous “death ray”.

" If we employ the fuel to obtain our power we let us live on our capital - this method is barbare." Nikola Tesla 1900

Distinctions

  • Author of more than 900 Patent S dealing with new methods to approach the energy transformation, member elect of fourteen doctorates of the universities of the whole world and having a command of 12 languages.

  • November 6th 1915, the one of the NewYork Times announces that the next prizes winner of the Nobel Prize of physics are Edison and Tesla. This news comes from the agency Reuters of London. November 14th, the Reuters agency of Stockholm contradicts information, the prizes winner will be William Henry Bragg and his son William Lawrence Bragg for the determination of the crystalline structures by x-rays (Diffraction). The business will remain a mystery.
  • In 1917, it off receives the Edison medal of American Institute Electrical Engineers.
  • It obtains the medal John Scott in 1934, a reward allotted to scientists since 1816. Marconi had obtained it in 1931 and Edison in 1889 and 1929.
  • Its name was given in 1960 to the magnetic unit of Induction: the Tesla.

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