Nikola Pašić , in Serb Cyrillic НиколаПашић (born with Zaječar the December 18th 1845 - died with Belgrade the December 10th 1926), was a Diplomate and a Serb Politician . He was the chief of the Radical party; he was several times mayor of Belgrade (in 1890 - 1891 and in 1897); he was Prime Minister on several occasions, in 1891 - 1892, in 1904 - 1905, of 1906 with 1908, of 1909 with 1911, of 1912 with 1918; then Prime Minister for the Kingdom of Serb, Croatian and Slovenien the in 1918, of 1921 with 1924 and of 1924 with 1926.

Youth

Nikola Pašić was born with Zaječar in the East from the Serbia, in a family come from Bulgaria. His/her mother remaria with Serb which gave to the Nikola young person his name of Pašić.

It carries out its first studies with Zaječar, then with Negotin and Kragujevac. In 1866, it is student with the Faculty of Technology of Belgrade and, in 1868, it is sent to the Polytechnic school of Zurich, where it obtains the title of engineer. He worked with the construction of the railway line connecting Vienna to Budapest.

The Radical party

Serbes young people studied in Suisse, acquired for some with the socialist ideas . They will become the chiefs of the future Radical party of Serbia. Among them, one finds in particular Svetozar Marković, one of the fathers of socialism in Serbia. Nikola Pašić became the friend of Marković, but also of Pera Todorović, Pera Velimirović, Lazar Paču, Jovan Žujović, Mita Rakić.

On its return in Serbia, Nikola Pašić takes its distances with respect to Svetozar Marković. After the death of this last in 1875, Pašić becomes the chief of the radical movement and, in 1878, it is elected with the Skupština, the National Assembly of Serbia. In 1880, it forms a group of opposition to the Parliament and, in January 1881, the Radical party is founded. Nikola Pašić is elected by it president unanimously.

The rebellion of Timok

The party of Pašić becomes increasingly popular. With the elections of September 1883, it obtains 54% of the votes, against 30% in favor of the party of Progress favorable to the king Milan Ier. In spite of that, the king asks Nikola Hristić to form a government. Hristić dissolves the assembly.

The decision to disarm the population returns the atmosphere more tended even. A revolt takes place in the East of Serbia in the valley of the Timok. Immediately, the King Milan shows the radicals and sends an army to subdue the rebellion. Pašić, which took refuge in Bulgaria, is condemned to death in absentia. It remains there during six years.

In 1885, king Milan declares the war with the Bulgaria. After the defeat of Serb, a general amnesty is marked against the rebels of Timok. However, Nikola Pašić remains in exile until the abdication of king Milan, in 1889. A few days after the abdication of the sovereign, the radicals form their first government under the direction of Sava Grujić.

The President of the assembly and the mayor

The October 13rd 1889, Nikola Pašić is elected president of the National Assembly, function which he exerts until the June 9th 1892. The January 11th 1890, it is also elected mayor of Belgrade (it will remain it until the January 26th 1891). He was still twice president of the assembly, the June 13rd 1893 until September 1895 and of the July 12th 1897 with the June 29th 1898. He was still mayor of Belgrade of the January 22nd 1897 with the November 25th of the same year.

The first government

The February 23rd 1891, Nikola Pašić becomes Prime Minister for the first time. However in May 1890, the ex-king Milan returns in Serbia and starts to make countryside against Pašić and the radicals. The June 16th 1892, Kosta Protić, one of the three regents who controls for the young king Alexandre, dies. According to the constitution, the National Assembly must choose a substitute to him. But the Parliament being in vacancy, Pašić wants to convene it in extraordinary session. Jovan Ristić, most powerful of the two regents remaining, fearing that Pašić is not in its turn elected as Co-regent, is opposed to the meeting of the extraordinary session. The August 22nd 1892, Pašić resigns.

The coup d'etat d' Alexandre

To exert the power before reaching its majority, the king Alexandre returns the council of regency. He proposes with a moderated radical, Lazar Dokić, to form a government. Pašić refuses to take part in it. In 1893 - 1894, the young king, partly to get rid of him, sends it as an extraordinary representative to Saint-Pétersbourg. Starting from 1897, Alexandre controls with the assistance of his/her father, ex-king Milan; hating both Pašić, they make it stop in 1898.

The assassination of Ivandan

In June 1889, a former fireman, Đura Knežević, is condemned to died for attempted murder against the ex-king Milan. The evening even, Milan makes a statement in which he affirms that the Radical party is behind this attempt. All the chiefs of the party are stopped, including Pašić. The emperor of Austria sends an emissary to Belgrade to inform Milan that the Austria-Hungary will be opposed to the dynasty Obrenović if Pašić is killed. Pašić is slackened.

During the end of the reign of king Alexandre, Nikola Pašić is withdrawn from the policy.

The assassination of king Alexandre

The June 11th 1903, the king Alexandre and his wife, Draga Mašin, are assassinated, into same as the Prime Minister Dimitrije Cincar-Marković and the Minister for Defense, Milovan Pavlović. The new king, Pierre Ier Karađorđević is accepted by the people.

The October 4th 1903, after the elections, the Radical party reaches the capacity; there will remain fifteen years there. But Pašić leaves a time to others the care to direct the various cabinets.

The period 1903-1914

The February 8th 1904, Nikola Pašić becomes Foreign Minister in the cabinet of Sava Grujić. It is itself Prime Minister for the December 10th 1904 with the May 28th 1905, while preserving its station at the Foreign affairs. During ten years, the Serbia experiences a considerable economic development.

April 30th 1906 with the July 20th 1908, Nikola Pašić is again chief of the government. Since 1878, the Bosnia-Herzégovine, while remaining still officially in the Ottoman Empire, was occupied by the Austria-Hungary. In 1908, it annexes the country. The Serb ones protest, but in vain.

The war of the Balkans

Pašić forms two other cabinets; the first of the October 24th 1909 with the July 4th 1911, the other starting from September 12th 1912. It contributes to the formation of the league of Balkans which makes it possible Serbia to annex the territories of the Old woman Serbia (Kosovo, Métochie, Macedonia).

The June 28th 1914, the archduke François-Ferdinand is assassinated with Sarajevo. The Austrians show at once Serbia and declare the war to him the July 28th 1914. It is the beginning of the First World War.

The First World War and Yugoslavia

After a series of battles in 1914 - 1915 (battles of the mount Cer, battles of the Kolubara), the Austrian armies must move back.

February 1st 1918, the Royaume of Serb, Croatian and Slovenien the is created. Pašić becomes de facto the Prime Minister of this new country. But the December 20th 1918, the Régent Alexandre invites Stojan Protić to form a new government.

Nikola Pašić is nevertheless the Serb chief negotiator with the Conférence of Peace of Paris of 1919.

Elections take place the November 28th 1920. Once again, the Radical party is one of most important country. January 1st 1921, Nikola Pašić forms a coalition and he becomes again Prime Minister. The June 28th 1921, a new constitution is proclaimed with Vidovdan; it organizes new the Royaume of Serb, Croatian and Slovenien the. The Slovenia, the Croatia, the Dalmatie, the Montenegro, the Bosnia-Herzégovine and the Voïvodine lose their autonomy.

Pašić is then Prime Minister until the April 8th 1926.

The December 10th 1926, Nikola Pašić dies of an heart attack with Belgrade.

Notes and references of the article

  • Mala Prosvetina Enciklopedija , 3rd (1985); Prosveta; ISBN 86-07-00001-2
  • Aleks Dragnić: Razvoj parlamentarizma U Srbiji U XIX veku (1989); Dečije novine; ISBN 86-367-0316-6
  • Vasa Kazimirović: Nikola Pašić I njegovo doba 1845-1926 , Vol.I & II (1990); Nova Evropa; ISBN 86 -
  • Đorđe Đ. Stanković: Nikola Pašić I Hrvati (1995); BIGZ; ISBN 86-13-00828-3
  • Miloš Trifunović: Istorija Radikalne stranke ; re-examined by Radoš Ljušić (1997)
  • Latinka Perović: Nikola Pašić U narodnoj skupštini (1997);
  • Đorđe Radenković: Pašić I Jugoslavija (1999); Službeni list SRJ; ISBN 86-355-0428-3
  • Milovan Vitezović: Nikola Pašić U anegdotama (2002); Službeni list SRJ; ISBN 86-7549-271-5
  • Miodrag Dimitrijević: Nikola Pašić U hodu istorije (2005);
  • Živorad Lazić: Pašić I četiri kralja (2005);
  • Vladimir Ćorović: Ilustrovana istorija Srba , vol. VI (2006); Politika Nm & Narodna Knjiga; ISBN 86-331-2525-0

See too

Related articles

  • List of the heads of government of Serbia

External bonds and documents

  • Biography of Nikola Pašić
  • Biographical note on Nikola Pašić

Random links:Relay & Castles | The Reign of the day | Radio operator Contact | Alberto Burri | Back Coqueiros barred