The nicotine (of Jean Nicot) is a Alcaloïde contained in great concentration in the sheets of Tabac (5% of the weight of the plant). The nicotine was discovered in 1809 by Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin, chemistry teacher at the Medical school of Paris.

Nicotine is a Agoniste ionic channels receiving with the acétyl choline, the receivers known as nicotinic for this reason to differentiate them from the receivers to the acetyl choline muscarinic. Nicotine activates these channels involving the cascade of activity which causes the effects observed of nicotine on the Perception.

Chemistry

Chemical formula: C ₁₀ H ₁₄ NR ₂

Burst:

Nicotine is water soluble and can be extracted by leaving the sheets from tobacco in water during 12 hours.

Effects on the body

Nicotine is a acetylcholinomimetic and thus has an effect on all the neurons carrying receiving nicotinic to the acetylcholine, which in fact potentially an effective cure of the degenerative diseases related to these receivers (schizophrenia, disease of Alzheimer in particular). Although research in this field is abundant, little of derived specialities are developed and prescribed because of image very negative data with this substance by the fight against the nicotinism.

As the majority of the made up ones which acts on the brain, nicotine can appear a Poison neural. To weak concentration it leads to a stimulation of the nervous system. It would create a dependence (in particular with the cigarette) by stimulating the dopaminergique ways, which would cause with final stimulation of the receivers to Dopamine, but research must clarify this point.

Nicotine is a Stimulant which has, in addition, a potential addictogene (capacity to involve the dependence). On average, nicotine reaches the Cerveau in seven seconds when it is inhaled in the form of cigarette.

With small amount, nicotine has an effect Stimulant. It causes an increase in the blood Pression and Cardiac rhythm, causes a release of Adrénaline (stimulative hormone) and reduces the appetite. With high amount, it causes nauseas and vomiting then death by respiratory paralysis (Surdose). DLL {{ind|50}} for a rat is of 50  mg/kg, for a mouse of 3  mg/kg, for human of 50 Mg on average. Death occurs by respiratory paralysis.

Nicotine induces a physical dependence and its brutal stop involves symptoms of weaning such as irritability, headaches and anxiety being able to lead in extreme cases to a depression. These symptoms can last several years after the last comparison with nicotine although their maximum is at the neighborhoods from 2 to 3 days.

References

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