See also: Lémery

Nicolas Lémery , born with Rouen (Seine-Maritime) the November 17th 1645 and died in Paris the June 18th 1715, is a Médecin and chemist French.

Its life and its work

He starts to study the Pharmacie in Rouen before coming to Paris to study under the direction of Christophe Glaser (1629-1672) with the Jardin of the King. He also studies with Montpellier, where he starts to give courses. He opens in Paris a pharmacy which plays a considerable part in the foundation of the Chimie applied to the Médecine. But, owing to the fact that it is of religion Calviniste, it is aimed by persecutions anti-Protestant women. Not only he sees himself withdrawing his patent of pharmacist, but he loses all his goods and must exile in Great Britain in 1681.

He returns to France in 1683 and obtains the same year the title of doctor in Médecine with Caen. He abjures in 1686 in order to be able to exert the Médecine and the Pharmacie in France and to start again his courses. He becomes pharmacist of the king Louis XIV in 1686 and he is named member of the royal Académie of sciences in 1699.

Lémery was not worried many theoretical speculations. It held chemistry for a conclusive science and was restricted to expose without turnings the facts and the experiments. Consequently, its classroom was filled people with all kinds, avid to hear a man who avoided the sterile darknesses of the alchemists and the research of the Philosopher's stone did not regard or the elixir of long life as single end of science. Its Cours of chymy (1675) did not know less than thirteen editions and made authority during one century. One counts, with the number of his other publications, the universal Pharmacopée (1697), the universal Traité of simple drugs (1698), the Traité antimony (1707), as well as a certain number of articles published by the Academy of Science, whose one offers a chemical and physical explanation underground fires, earthquakes, the lightning and thunder. In addition to his research in chemistry and medicine, one owes him in particular the discovery of the Fer in the Sang. He discovered that one can produce heat by rubbing together iron and sulfur particles while adding to it of water to form a paste. He thus produced an artificial volcano by burying a considerable quantity of this mixture, which he regarded as an active agent in the volcanic phenomena.

His/her son Louis Lémery (1677 - 1743) was also doctor and chemist.

Works

• Course of chemistry, containing the manner of making the operations which are of use in medicine, by an easy method, with reasoning on each operation, for the instruction of those which want to apply to this science (1675). Text on line often Works republished and translates in the majority of the European languages.
• the New collection of curiositez rare and news of the most admirable effects of nature and the art, composed of quantity of beautiful secrecies gallans and others, of which some were draw from the cabinet of fire Mr. marquis of the Hospital, try out and compose by the sior of Emery (1685) Text in line 1 2
• Recueil of secrecies, divided into two parts: the first concerning the conservation of health and the beauty, the second concerning arts, and the diseases of the animals (1692)
• New collection of the most beautiful secrecies of medicine, for the cure of all the diseases, wounds and others accidens which occurs with the human body, with a Treaty of the more excellens preventive against the plague, pestilential fever and all kinds of contagious diseases. The whole tested, collected and given to the public by a very-skilful and charitable person (1694)
• universal Pharmacopeia, containing all the compositions of pharmacy which are of use in medicine, both in France and by all Europe: their virtues, their amounts, manners of operating simplest and the best: with a pharmaceutical lexicon, several remarks, and raisonnemens on each operation (1697) Text in line 1 2
• universal Dictionary of simple drugs, containing their names, origin, choice, principles, virtues, etymology, and what there is of private individual in the animals, the plants and the minerals (1698) Text in line
• Traité antimony, containing the chymic analysis of this mineral and a collection of a great number of operations brought back to the royal Academy of sciences (1707). Translated into German in 1709 per Jean-Andre Mahlern.

External bonds

• Bernard Bouyer de Fontenelle: '' Éloge of Mr. Lemery '' (1715)
• Note on the site of Galileo Project

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