Nicolas Joseph House

Nicolas Joseph Maison is a Marshal of France, born the December 19th 1771 with Épinay-sur-Seine and dead the February 13rd 1840 with Paris. He was also Foreign Minister, then of the War.

Career under the French revolution

As of 1789, Nicolas Maison engages in the National guard, where it passes all the ranks to be a captain in 1791. House engages in the battalions of volunteers of Paris the July 22nd 1792, and is useful as of the beginning in the Guerres of the Revolution in the infantry. It becomes again captain in August 1792, but is denounced and relieved the December 5th 1793. It was justified, made the countryside of 1794 to the Armée with North and was with the battles of Fleurus. It becomes again captain on May 1st 1796.

Attache then, until in 1797, with division Bernadotte, Maison became major in July 1796 and deployed the same value everywhere.

Named in 1799 adjudant-general and first Aide-de-camp of Bernadotte, then Minister for the war, it was in charge of one mission to the Armée with the Rhine, and sabred close to Mannheim the hussards of Szecklers which worried the French cavalry. In 1800, it was wounded almost mortally at the village of Schout (Holland) by pushing back a body of Anglo-Russian.

Career under the Empire

In 1805, it joined the 1st body of the Large army and gathered its share of the bay-trees of the Bataille of Austerlitz. He becomes brigadier general during the program of Prussia of 1806, within the body of Bernadotte marshal. He attended the Bataille of Iéna. A little later it takes share with the hunting of the Prussian army, it was Maison which crossed the first the Saale to collapse the Prince de Wurtemberg and penetrated then in Lubeck.

In 1807, it was named chief of the general staff of the 1st body and made the countryside which finished the Paix of Tilsitt.

In 1808, it is useful in Spain under the marshal Victor and was distinguished with the Bataille from Espinosa. With the attack of Madrid, it had the right foot crashed to pieces by a ball, which obliged it to return in France.

In 1809, at the time of the unloading of the English in Holland, it was with Antwerp with the Prince of Laying-Corvo. Then, after the evacuation of the island of Walkeren, it ordered successively with Berg-COp-Zoom, Rotterdam and the Camp of Utrecht.

In 1812 it takes part in the Campagne of Russia. It is promoted Major general at the time of the crossing of Bérésina and is made baron. After the wound of the marshal Oudinot, it takes the command of IIe Corps and made retirement towards the the Vistula. In the retirement, it deployed as much zeal than of skill.

In 1813, House, with the head of the 5th body, beat the Prussian S with Mockern and took town of Market. It was him which, the very same day of the battles of Lützen, went on Leipzig, seized some and prevented the enemy from destroying the bridges of the Elster Blanche. With Bautzen, with two regiments, it pushed back the combined loads of six columns of cavalry and put them in rout. It was wounded with the Bataille of Wachau and that of Leipzig. After the defeat of the marshal Macdonald with Katzbach it is charged to lead the retirement.

After the Bataille of Leipzig, where it is wounded, it is decorated with the Large Cross of the Légion of honor and is made count.

In January 1814, it ordered the 1st body charged to cover the Belgium and the port of Antwerp. It defended some time, in spite of a great numerical inferiority, the approaches of Antwerp. Its intention was to go on the capital, with forced marches; and already it had moved on Valencian to attack the Saxon ones, when it learned with Quiévrain the Abdication from Napoleon i. He concludes an armistice then and gained Lille, from where he sent his adhesion to the new government.

Restoration

After the abdication of the Emperor, it joins with Louis XVIII, which does it Chevalier of Saint-Louis.

During the Hundred Days, there remains honest with the Bourbons. With the March 20th 1815, Maison which had just been named Gouverneur of Paris, accompanies Louis XVIII in Belgium with Ghent.

It is made ordering the 1st military division after Waterloo. Charged with judging the marshal Ney, shown treason to be itself rejoined in Napoleon, he declares himself inefficient with several of his colleagues. That is worth to him a retrogradation with the command of the 8th division, with Marseilles.

The Emperor had done it baron and count, the Bourbons did it marquis in 1816 and Pair of France.

In 1828, Charles X entrusted the command of the to him French task force in Morée, against Ibrahim pasha. On its return in France in 1829, it is made Marshal of France. But all these favors did not deteriorate the really independent character, of the Maison marshal.

Monarchy of July

It joined the Révolution of July. In 1830, it accepted Louis-Philippe Ier the mission of going with Misters Odilon Barrot and Auguste de Schonen near the deposed princes to decide them to leave France.

The November 4th 1830, it is Foreign Minister during two weeks, then named Ambassadeur with Vienna, then with Saint-Pétersbourg in 1833.

The April 30th 1835, it is named Ministre for the War, function which it occupies until his withdrawal of the public life, the September 19th 1836.

He died in Paris the February 13rd 1840.

Its operations around Lille, in the crisis of 1814, had drawn my attention, and had engraved it in my spirit. {Judgment of Napoleon on House.)

Honors

Ennoblement: it is made baron d' Empire on July 2nd, 1808, then count on August 14th, 1813, and finally marquis on July 31st, 1817.

successive ranks:

National guard: pomegranate, corporal, quartermaster-sergeant then captain;
Armed: captain on August 1st, 1792, major (July 6th, 1796 on a purely provisional basis, on August 16th definitively), general adjudant chief of brigade on July 3rd, 1799, brigadier general on February 10th, 1806, then of division on August 21st, 1812.

Dignities:

Marshal of France on February 22nd, 1829.
even of France on June 4th, 1817

French Decorations:

Legion of honor: Grand Cross the July 22nd 1814).
Order of the Meeting: Grand Cross on November 19th, 1813.
Order of Saint-Louis: Grand Cross on September 30th, 1818.

foreign Decorations:

Bavaria: knight of the military Order of Merit of Maximilien-Joseph.
Belgium: Grand Cross of the royal Order of Léopold.

States of service

National guard of Épinay
from July 22nd, 1792 to August 1st, 1792: 3rd battalion of volunteers of Paris.
until December 5th, 17: 9th battalion of federate.
from January 20th, 1794 to April 22nd: Aide-de-camp of the Goguet general.
until September 3rd, 1796: assistant of the general adjudant Mireur.
until February 5th, 1797: major of a pomegranate battalion.
until September 23rd, 1802: aide-de-camp of the general Bernadotte.
until May 31st, 1804: chief of staff of the 27e military division.
until August 29th, 1805: first aide-de-camp of the Bernadotte marshal.
until August 8th, 1806: assistant manager of staff of the 1st body of the Large army.
until November 30th, 1806: general ordering the 2nd brigade of the 1st division of the 1st Large army corps.
until January 12th, 1808: chief of staff of the 1st Large army corps.
until March 24th, 1808: general ordering the 1st brigade of the 2nd division of the 1st Large army corps.
March-July: convalescence.
until February 1st, 1809: ordering general of the 1st brigade of the 2nd division of the 1st army corps of Spain.
June 1809 at August 13rd, 1809: body of observation of the Elba.
until August 26th, 1809: Armed with Germany.
until July 12th, 1810: army of North.
until December 25th, 1810: body of observation of Holland.
until July 25th, 1811: the 17th military division.
until November 30th, 1811: ordering department of the Lippe.
until December 25th, 1811: commander of Utrecht.
until April 1st, 1812: ordering 2nd brigade of the 6th division of the body of observation of Elba.
until August 21st, 1812: ordering 3rd brigade of the 6th division of the 2nd Large army corps.
until March 9th, 1813: ordering the 8th division of the 2nd Large army corps.
until March 31st, 1813 ordering the 1st division of the body of observation of Elba.
until December 21st, 1813: ordering the 16th division of the 5th Large army corps.
until June 1st, 1814: ordering 1st army corps of North.
until March 20th, 1815 ordering the 1st military division (Paris).
from July 8th, 1815 to September 25th, 1815: ordering the 1st military division (Paris).
from January 10th, 1816 to February 17th, 1819: ordering the 8th military division (Marseilles).
until August 19th, 1821: ordering the 1st military division (Paris), then put of availability
of July 24th, 1828 at 1829: commander-in-chief of the task force of Morée.

It is possible to see its full-length portrait with the museum of the Invalids. Its currency was the Being is my roy .

Armorial bearings: Quartered: to the 1 of azure with sword high out of money stake, gold rise, with the 2et3 of azure at house of money, deferred and worked of gold sand, girouettée of two wind vanes and surmounted as a chief of 3 money stars, to the 4 of azure of money rock, summoned of a drying gold sparrowhawk, holding in its nozzle a money ring.

Married to Madeleine Weydold, it leaves three wire and a girl. Of which Eugene, Viscount House (1806 - 1885) main of requests to the Council of State (of which posterity).

Partial source

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