Nicolas François of Lorraine

Nicolas François de Vaudémont , born the December 6th 1609, dead the January 25th 1670, was cardinal and bishop of Toul of 1624 with 1634, then renonça with its wishes and became duke of Lorraine and of Bar of the January 19th to the 1 {{er}} April 1634. It was wire of François II of Lorraine, count de Vaudémont and of Christine de Salm.

Biography

Initially intended for an ecclesiastical career, it became bishop of Toul in 1624 cardinal and in 1626. His/her brother Charles IV, duke of Lorraine and Bar, was combined with the Empereur Ferdinand II and supported the enemies of Richelieu, which made invade the Barrois and the Lorraine in September 1633. Charles considered it preferable to abdicate in favor of his brother the January 19th 1634, Nicolas François more being appreciated of the French than his brother. He agreed by provision an exemption for a marriage with his cousin Claude of Lorraine (which was then confirmed), sent the following day to the Pape a letter to announce the reasons for which he renonçait with the cardinalat, was made raise of its wishes and married the March 8th 1634 Claude of Lorraine, thwarting the projects of king de France, so that this one is not married with a foreign prince, the Salic law not applying in Lorraine and barrois.

The Lorraine population remained deeply hostile with the French occupant, with the image of Pierre Fourier, cleaned famous Mattaincourt for the holiness of its life and which will die in exile or Jacques Callot, artist engraver, who, in answer at the request of Louis XIII to engrave a commemorative plaque of the catch of Nancy, answered that he preferred " to lose the bras" . That, as well as the unexpected marriage of the " cardinal" , incited the French to put the ducal family under house arrest. Nicolas François and his wife succeeded in escaping on April 1st 1634 and took refuge in Franche-Comté, ground Spanish. They went then in Toscane at their aunt Christine, wife of the large duke, then with Munich in August 1636 and finally with Venice where they remained eighteen years.

In 1654, after the arrest of sound intrigant brother by the troops of the king of Spain, it took the command of the Lorraine army. In front of the Spanish refusal to release the duke, it joined in France and was illustrated with his son Charles with the battles of the Dunes the June 14th 1658. Its victories allowed the release of his/her brother, and its collaboration with the kingdom of France allowed the restitution of the duchies (1661). He dies in 1670 .néanmoins the intrigues of imprudent Charles IV involved a new occupation of the duchies by the French troops. This one lasted more than one quarter century!

Marriage and children

He married, with Lunéville, the February 17th 1634, his German cousin Claude of Lorraine (1612 † 1648), girl of Henri II, duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Marguerite de Mantoue. They had:
  • Ferdinand Philippe (1639 † 1659)
  • Charles V (1643 † 1690), titular duke of Lorraine and Bar
  • Anne Eléonore (1645 † 1646)
  • Anne Marie, dead young
  • Marie Anne Therese (1648 † 1661), abbess of Remiremont

See also

Sources

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