Nicolas-Louis François de Neufchâteau

Nicolas-Louis François de Neufchâteau is a writer, politician and Agronome French born with Saffais (Lorraine) the April 17th 1750 and died with Paris the January 10th 1828.

Biography

Wire of a Regent of school of village, he was noticed in his childhood by the Baillif of Alsace, Henri d' Hénin, which resided at Neufchâteau. Worms which it composed, at the 12 years age, to thank its guard were worth to him the approval of Voltaire and Rousseau. He made studies at the Jésuite S of Neufchâteau then studies of right to Rheims. In 1765, old of hardly 15 years, it published its first volume of poetry, various Poésies , followed fugitive Pièces . The same year it was received with the Academy of Dijon, before being allowed by those of Lyon, Marseilles and Nancy. At sixteen years, it was authorized to join the name of the city Neufchâteau with his. Its patronym became François de Neufchâteau .

In 1770, it was named professor with the episcopal college Saint-Claude of Toul, but was some very quickly eliminated because of its “philosophical” ideas. In 1776, it bought the office of general lieutenant of baillage of Mirecourt in the the Vosges.

It became subdelegated intendance of Lorraine in 1781. Having acquired the load of public prosecutor of the French Cape, with Santo Domingo in 1783, it left France and remained in Saint-Domingue until in 1786, studying the saving in this colony and the means of developing it. Collaborator of the Almanac of the Muses , it translated into worms furious Roland of the Arioste, which it lost at the time of a shipwreck during the crossing of the return in France. In 1787, it returned to Lorraine where it was interested in agriculture and corresponded with the philosophers, the writers, poets.

With the French revolution, in 1789, it wrote the Registers of grievances bailliage of Toul and was elected appointed substitute with the General states, Justice of the Peace of a canton, then administrator of the department of the the Vosges (1790). In 1791, he was elected by the department of the Vosges to the legislative Assemblée. Secretary of the Parliament then member of the Committee of legislation, it announced himself by his hostility towards the refractory priests and the Catholic church in general, which it wished to subordinate at the laic State.

Elected with deputy with the Convention, it refused to sit there, for health reasons, affirmed he, and refused as the ministry for Justice as one offered to him. With the dissolution of the Parliament (1792), it took again her judging functions of peace to Vicherey (the Vosges) to which it was elected in 1790. Its part, Pamela , drawn from the novel from Richardson, Pamela or the rewarded , played Virtue on August 1st 1793, with the theater of the Nation, made scandal because it appeared hostile with the Jacobin S. This part was prohibited at the end of the ninth representation because of these two worms considered to be subversive:

Ah ! the persecutors are the only condemnable ones.

And most tolerant is the only reasonable ones.

Also he was imprisoned of September 2nd 1793 at August 4th 1794. Elected official judges with the Tribunal of cassation on January 3rd 1795, it was police chief of the Directoire in the the Vosges in November 1795. He was named Minister of Interior Department on July 16th 1797. There remained two months there until September 14th 1797 because it was called to replace Lazare Carnot like member of the Directory (from September 8th, 1797 to May 20th, 1798). He played a part rather unobtrusive in the Directoire and after the drawing lot in May 1798 left it and became again Minister of Interior Department for a little less than one year.

Sent as ambassador plenipotentiary to Vienna, he lives himself soon to offer the ministry for the Foreign relations but refused it. In one year, of June 17th 1798 at June 23rd 1799, it achieves a remarkable task in all the fields, provided the foundations of the files and of the departmental libraries, of the general Deposit of the charts, the exposure of the products of industry, the Musée of Louvre, instituted the contest in the colleges and colleges, organized the reception of the objets d'art sent of Italy by Napoleon Bonaparte.

During its administration, it was interested particularly in the economic questions, putting some of its ideas into practice. One of the first to perceive the utility of the Statistical for the government, it tried to make draw up, by the central administrations of the departments, the tables of the industrial activity (9 fructidor year V). Inspired by the economic liberalism, he sought to make known and to encourage the innovations while causing the emulation between the economic actors. He thus stuck to support the rebirth of the companies of agriculture, appearing among the founding members of the Société of Agriculture in 1798, and he organized at Paris, from September 18th to 21st 1798, a national exposure of the products of the industry which was a great success and which he was then agreed to renew each year. He also inaugurated the Musée of Louvre.

Rejoined with Napoleon, he was senator in 1800 then president of the Senate of the establishment of the Empire in 1804 with 1806 and was created count of the Empire by Letters patent of the April 26th 1808.

Reached drop since already a long time, it withdrew public life in 1814 and dealt essentially with agronomy. It published many work as well relating to agronomy as poetry and the history, or even the edition of works of Pascal and the notes on the Gil Blas of Alain-Rene Lesage. Until its death, it chaired the Company of Agriculture.

Neufchâteau was named corresponding then member of the class of the letters of the Institut on February 13rd 1796; it belonged to the second class in 1803 and was maintained with the reorganization of 1816. He was member of the Académie of Stanislas.

The poems of Neufchâteau - various Poetries (1765), Ode on the Parliaments (1771), New moral Tales (1781), the Vosges (1796), Fables and tales (1814), Tropes, or figures of the words (1817) - lack force and of originality, like a big part of the production of its time. Its quatrains with educational aiming were worth to him to be called ironically “new the Pibrac” by Ecouchard-Lebrun.

Its work of grammar and literary criticism - in particular its editions of the Provincial (1822) and of the Thought (1826) of Pascal and of the Gil Blas (Paris, 1820) of Lesage - was estimated in their time. He also wrote many erudite reports, in particular out of agronomic matter.

Works

1765 various Poetries
1766 fugitive Parts
1771 Odes on the Parliaments
1774 the month of Auguste, epistle with Voltaire
1778 the satisfying of Phocion, dialogs in worms
1781 Nouveaux moral tales in worms
1784 authentic Recueil of the old ordinances of Lorraine , 2 vol.; moral Anthology, or choice of quatrains and dystic
1787 studies of the magistrate
1790 readings of the citizen
1791 the old origin of the modern principles
1795 Ten corn ears instead of a ; Pamela , comedy in worms
1796 Epistle on a voyage from Paris with Neufchâteau ; the Vosges , poems
1797 Of the improvements whose peace must be the time
1798 the institution of the children or councils of a father to his son
1799 practical Méthode of reading ; Speech on the manner of reading the worms
1800 the Conservative or collection of new pieces , 2 vol.; Collection of letters, circulars, instructions and speech of François de Neufchâteau, Minister of Interior Department , 7 vol.
1801 Report/ratio on the improvement of the plow
1802 Test on the need and the means of inserting in the state education the teaching of agriculture
1804 Table of the sights that proposes the English policy in all the parts of the world
1805 Histoire of the occupation of Bavaria by the Austrians
1806 agronomic Voyage in the senatorery of Dijon
1809 art to multiply the grains , 2 vol.
1814 Fables and tales in worms , 2 vol.
1817 Supplement with the report of Parmentier on the corn ; tropes or figures of the words , poem
1818 the academic Jubilee ; Report/ratio of a goutteux , poem
1821 Epistle with Mr. Viennet and the count de Rochefort
1827 Memory on the manner of studying and of teaching architecture

References

H. Bonnelier, Memories on François de Neufchâteau , Paris, 1829
J. Lamoureux, historical and literary Note on the life and the writings of François de Neufchâteau , Paris, 1843
Dominique Margairaz, “the figure of the executive during the two Neufchâteau ministries”, Yearly Histories of the French revolution , 332
E. Meaume, historical and biographical Study on the Lorraine revolutionists: Palissot, Gregoire, François de Neufchâteau , Nancy, 1882
A.F of Sillery, Biographical note on Mr. the count François de Neufchâteau , 1828
CH. Simian, François de Neufchâteau and the exposures , Paris, 1889

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