Nicolae Bălcescu

Nicolae Bălcescu (born the June 29th 1819, with Bucharest - died the November 29th 1852, with Palermo) was a historian, a writer and a Rumanian revolutionist .

Life and the activity

Nicolae Bălcescu had been born with Bucharest, in a family of small boyards and it took the family name of his mother, originating in Bălceşti, judeţul Vâlcea, in the place of that of his father, Petrescu, which it had lost having tender yearses, in 1824. His/her mother was called Zinca and his/her father was called Barbu. Nicolae had two brothers: Costache (pron. , elder and Bearded one, the junior, like two sisters: Sevastiţa and Marghioala.

Since 1832, it studied with the Collège Saint-Sava of Bucharest, where it was impassioned history and of French. Among its professors, we enumerate Florian Aaron and Ion Heliade Rădulescu. Among his/her buddies, we mention Ion Ghica, that which will make, later, the literary portrait of Bălcescu, in a letter addressed to the poet Vasile Alecsandri. 19 years old, it was under the flags of the Valachie. In 1840, Bălcescu took part, beside Marin Serghiescu Naţionalul, Eftimie Murgu, Telegescu, with the conspiracy of D. Filipescu, which was discovered and, after, it was imprisoned with the Monastery of Mărgineni, for two years, until the February 21st 1843.

After releasebeing released, it founded, with Ion Ghica and Christian Such, a named secret organization “Frăţia”, (in French “Fraternity”), whose watchword was " Dreptate, Frăţie" (Justice, Fraternity). He travels in all the territories inhabited by the Roumanians (in Moldavie, in Transylvania, Valachie), in France and in Italy and he studies the history. Already its disease (the Tuberculosis) proclamation its presence. Since 1844, with August Treboniu Laurian, it published a review of history, which they called “Magazin Istoric pentru Dacia”, (in French: “Historical Magazine for the Dacie”).

In France, Nicolae Bălcescu was seen implied in the Révolution of February 1848 of Paris and, inspired by this revolution, it returned to Bucharest, provided with a watchword on behalf of Lamartine. With Bucharest and in the country, it prepared the revolution which will be déclanchée the June 11th same year. In the provisional government founded by the revolutionists, he will be Minister for external and Secretary of State. He will be as regards liberal, who wished the distribution of the grounds to the peasants and the vote for all. The September 13rd 1848, when the revolution was repressed by the forces Othoman tsarists and , Nicolae Bălcescu was stopped by the authorities of the Ottoman Empire, but it succeeded in escaping and it crossed the border in Transylvania, from where, the Austrian authorities expelled it. In the first months of 1849, it travels to Trieste, the Athens, Constantinople. With Debrecen, it meets L. Kossuth, the leader of the Hungarian revolution. L. Kossuth appeared " to him; a luminé man, a man of good ". Kossuth embraced the idea of Bălcescu, of a confederation of the nations .

Here it is in 1849, with Pest, where it negotiated a Rumanian agreement - Hungarian, for an agreement between the Rumanian revolutionists and the Hungarian revolutionists, but, after the signature of the agreement, the Hungarian revolution was repressed. Nicolae Bălcescu hid at Avram Iancu, the leader of the Rumanian revolutionists of Transylvania, in the Monts Apuseni. Dissimulated, it succeeded in crossing the border and it arrived at Paris.

Nicolae Bălcescu was exiled with Paris, where, with Ştefan Golescu and Ion Brătianu, it belonged to the editorial board of the periodical “the Platform of the People”, which was published by the Pole Adam Mickiewicz. He travels to London, where he gives a report to Palmerston. Then, it was established in various localities of France (Town of Avray - Path of the Vines, Grand Country cottage - and with Hyères - department of the Var, Denis castle) and of Italy, because of the aggravation of its health condition, accompanied by his Sevastiţa sister. Provided with a delivered passport with Paris, " in the name of Its Majesty the Emperor of the Othoman " , it arrived at Constantinople, the spring of 1852. Of Constantinople, it arrived at Galaţi, in Moldavie, but the Wallachian authorities do not enable him to enter its country, to see his/her old mother, who was sick. He also, it was sick of Tuberculose. The doctors advised it to be established in Italy, where the climate is softer. It passed by the Malta, by Naples and, in end, it stopped with Palermo, in Sicily, with the hotel " Went Trinacria ".

He died in Palermo, in Sicily, Italy, 33 years old, the November 29th 1852. In 1977, Cantemir Riscuţia belonged to a Rumanian delegation left for Palermo, in order to discover the place where it was said that Bălcescu would be buried. Riscuţia analyzed 2.000 skeletons, but none them put up to the features with Bălcescu. A sailor had acknowledged that the body of Bălcescu would be found in the gallery of the mummies of the capuchins. With final, one found the place where the body of the Roumanian had been put: in the ossuary of honor of the monastery of the Capuchins. A sign announces the visitor: “Nicolae Bălcescu, Prime Minister for the Valachie”. Nicolae Bălcescu was a large historian and political writer, by his talent synthetizer, the romanticism visionary which animates his work, by his technique of the narration, its rate, the expressivity of its sentences.

The Rumanian communist ideology, while being based on work of Karl Marx, had a great consideration for Nicolae Bălcescu. Therefore on Rumanian banknotes of 100 lei, of the communist time, the editions 1952 and 1966, the portrait of Nicolae Bălcescu was engraved. Some ten rural localities of Romania bear the name of Nicolae Bălcescu, with its memory.

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