A newspaper is a Document which counts by order Chronologique a certain number of event S for a given period (generally a Journée, from where it draws its name). By extension, a newspaper indicates a Publication gathering articles on the topicality of the day.
History
At the origin, a newspaper is held by that which wants to remember the events which arrived to him ( diary ), or to file these events ( log book ).The first newspapers of current events (written) were also presented in this chronological form, but quickly evolved to a more synthetic form, by classifying the events by topics and headings. From there the word newspaper in its meaning came from paper medium containing of information for one period, replacing the word Gazette in a part as of its uses.
The first printed newspaper known, called Relation , is appeared with Strasbourg towards 1605. The Post och Inrikes Tidningar , or POIT , which results in News bulletins national , is a newspaper Swedish founded in 1645 by the Reine Christine of Sweden and is the oldest existing newspaper in 2006. The newspaper referred in Sweden at the end of the 17th century and to the 18th century. In January 2007, the version Papier disappears with the profit from one only version Web. The last edition paper is dated from the December 29th 2006.
In France, the first publication entitled “newspaper” is the Journal of the scientists , published in Paris in 1665. With the industrialization of the Written press, great names of newspapers were created, and the term was used to indicate at the same time the physical support of information (the newspaper in newspaper ) and the security company: the newspaper employing Journalist S and To defer S .
Lastly, the way of even presenting the synthetic information of manner and set of themes was taken again by other media: the radio, then the Télévision, which also took again the term newspaper to indicate the emission in which a presenter gives information of the day. The first Tv news French was diffused in 1949 by the R.T.F.
Construction of a newspaper of current events
Dispatch of agency to the articles
Selection of the articles
The drafting of a French newspaper gathers all the Journalistes which will take part in the creation of the edition of the day. It is directed by a Editor association whose role is to lay down the orientation of the newspaper, to stop the diary of the day, the week or the month, i.e. to fix the number and the contents of the articles which will be published in the newspaper or the Magazine.
Editor association is supported by assistants, who can be responsible for a heading or a service (International, company, Sports, Culture, Politique). The conference of drafting is a meeting during which the journalists find themselves to evoke what “will make the topicality”. It is the subject sometimes of virulent debates and makes it possible to ensure the information flow within the drafting. During the conference, the subjects and the angles of the day are stopped, just as their format (Interview, Reportage, Enquête, leading…)…
Within the framework of a Daily newspaper , the subjects are brought to change according to the topicality or what the journalists collect on the ground. Spent a certain hour, the newspaper must be buckled (between 20 and 23 hours for a printed newspaper the night). All the journalists are thus held to respect deadlines (the deadline in the American jargon) and to return their copy at fixed hour.
The final version of the articles is sent to the sub-editors. The sub-editor is a journalist, as well as a writer or a Reporter. Its work is to read again and check the articles which are subjected to him, to define the Titraille (extra title, title, subtitle, Chapô, subtitle), and to adapt the text of it to the requirements of the model to ensure the best presentation of it.
Once the corrected and formatted articles, the sub-editor, helped of an assembler and a iconographe, takes part in the page layout of the article. When the page is entirely assembled and that it was validated by the editor association and/or the general secretary of drafting (SGR), it is transmitted to printing works.
Formats
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Large size/Broadsheet: 575 X 410 mm
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Belgian: 520 X 365 mm or Cut 50 (500 X 370 mm)
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Berliner : 470 X 320 mm
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Tabloïd (A3): 410 X 290 mm (or 374 X 289)
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Half-tabloïd (A4): 290 X 210 mm
Daily newspaper
In France
The first daily French newspaper, the Newspaper of Paris , appeared in 1777.Many daily newspapers born at the 20th century like Combat , the Morning of Paris and the Dawn , disappeared. Free daily newspapers financed by publicity, diffused in the street, the subway, public space, appeared these last years ( 20 Minutes , Metro , Direct Evening , MatinPlus …) Only Subway is profitable to date, third was born in June 2006, fourth is diffused since February 6th, 2007.
In France, the distribution of the paying daily newspapers is ensured in majority by NMPP and the network of the booksellers, like by Abonnement. One distinguishes 2 categories which are function of their zone of diffusion.
National daily press
- national Diffusion.
- Examples of paying national daily newspapers: Release , Le Monde , Le Figaro , the Team and the Cross .
The economic problems touch the titles of the daily press, which is controlled more and more by great financial groups (Dassault, Groupe Amaury, etc)
Daily regional newspaper and local
- the daily newspapers of province are called regional newspapers when they have a regional diffusion and Local dailies when this diffusion is less wide.
- examples of daily newspapers of province: Western France , Southern West , the Marseillaise . About fifteen regional titles belong to the Groupe Harrowing.
In many areas, the titles which dominate the regional press are in situation of quasi-monopoly, which poses the problem of the quality and the plurality of information.
The group Lagardere Media, who has the editions Hachette Filipacchi Médias, is also the owner of the Groupe Nice-Morning, Provence and the largest editor of magazines in the world.
In Quebec
The Quebec is made up to a large extent of French-speaking people, but the province bathes among a very important anglophone population (in 2005, approximately 300 million people) in the remainder of the North America. Inside the province, several ethnic communities wish to have news of their country of origin. Consequently, the French-speaking and anglophone newspapers are côtoient on the display units, but newspapers written in other languages are also diffused.In Quebec, the concentration of the press in the hands of some players supported the emergence of some newspapers widely distributed. However, the newspapers with regional diffusion did not disappear. Often, of the articles written for a regional newspaper can find itself in another newspaper pertaining to the same group, thus maximizing the return on investment.
There exist several categories of diffusion to the Quebec: international, national, provincial, regional and local.
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international Daily press
- Primarily anglophone, these newspapers comes from the the United States and is called: The Washington Post , The NewYork Times and USA Today . Following the privileged nature of the relations of France and Quebec, some French newspapers are diffused with Quebec, in particular Le Monde .
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national Daily press
- the anglophone press dominates this market: National Post , Toronto Star , Toronto Sun , Financial Post , etc
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provincial Daily press
- the French-speaking press dominates this market: the Newspaper of Montreal , the Press and the Duty , but the anglophone daily newspaper The Gazette car its pin of the play.
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Daily regional newspaper
- the French-speaking press dominates this market: the Platform of Sherbrooke , the Right , the Sun and the Newspaper of Quebec , for example.
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local Daily press
- Although the French-speaking press dominates this market, of the newspapers intended for the various ethnos groups is published.
In Switzerland
the Express train , published with Neuchâtel since October 2nd, 1738, is the oldest newspaper in the world of French language.
Quotation
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" The newspaper of this morning: Quickly thought, quickly written, quickly read, quickly forgotten. " (Jules Fox)
See too
- Current events
- Information
- Webjournal
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