News-Grenade

The News-Grenade was after the arrival of the Spaniards an administrative entity and policy made up of the current states of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela (which included/understood then Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago). It exists during the periods of 1717 with 1723, 1739 with 1810 and 1816 with 1819. It was managed by a Vice-roi named by the king of Spain, its capital was Santa Fe of Bogatá.

Colonial history

It is in 1514 that Spanish establishes the first permanent colonies of settlement. With Santa Marta (1525) and Cartagena (1533), the control of Spain on the east coasts established and the expansion towards the interior of the grounds can start. The Conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada colonizes a very wide area while following the river Magdalena in the Cordillière of the Andes by demolishing the powerful people of the Chibcha and melting the town of Santa Fe of Bogotá (in approximately 1538) (currently Bogotá). It names the area El nuevo reino of Granada , the new kingdom of Grenade which existed in the extreme south of Spain until in 1492.

To allow the establishment of a civil government out of News-Grenade, a Audiencia is born with Santa Fe of Bogotá in 1548-1549, a body combining legal authority and executive, until is created a presidencia or governor into 1564 which will assume the executive power. At this time, the News-Grenade is regarded as a general Capitainerie depend on the Vice-royauté of Peru. The jurisdiction of the Audiencia extends to all the surrounding provinces corresponding to the News-Grenade as with the new areas conquered at the time of the years which will follow.

The governor depends on the Viceroy of Peru with Lima, but the slowness of the communications between the two capitals lead to the establishment of a viceroyalty of News-Grenade in 1717 (and its re-establishment in 1739 after a short interruption); of another provinces corresponding to the actual positions of Ecuador, Venezuela and Panamá, hitherto under other jurisdictions is attached to that of Bogota, thus confirming the city like one of the principal centers administrative of the New-World with Lima and Mexico City. Sporadic attempts at reforms will aim at improving control of the central authority, but this one will be never completely effective there.

The hard and various geography of the north of South America, as well as the little of motor-roads, return difficult voyages and communications within the viceroyalty. The establishment of a general Harbor office with Caracas and of a Audiencia with Quito, always legally subordinated to the Viceroy, will be the answer to the need for an effective government of the outlying areas. Certain analysts consider that this reflects a certain degree of local traditions which well later, contributed undoubtedly to the political differences and main roads between the lately independent territories which will make vain the efforts of unification of Simón Bolívar.

See too

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