Newark (New Jersey)

Newark is the principal city of the State of the New Jersey. It is located near the town of New York, with which it has some risk of homophony. It accommodates the second more important airport of the New Yorkean agglomeration with the International airport Newark Liberty located at 15 km of Manhattan.

History

The town of Newark is famous in the history of the Social protection to have been the first city having undergone a large bankruptcy. Indeed, Newark offered by far the best conditions of social protection of all the cities of gigantic the Mégalopole of forty million Americans living of Boston to the Virginia in the Années 1970 (the American system of Social security not being federal, of the local disparities in the level of protection granted to the members of National Insurance Scheme are possible). Many people with low incomes, attracted by an exceptionally high level of protection, then settled in the city, exploding its social budget: the city was in bankruptcy and half of its inhabitants then left it.

In the Years 1980, omens predicted the same thing for the town of Paris, which doubled almost the family benefits of its residents. However, the relative dearness of the rents contributed to limit the surge of recipients.

The American novelist Philip Roth, born in Newark (1933), approaches partially the history of this city in his novel American Pastorale (1997).

Geography

Located at 40° 44 ' 14" north and 74° 10 ' 55" west, Newark has a surface of 63 km ². Maximum altitude is of 83 m, the minimal one is of 0 m, and the average altitude of 17 Mr. Among the 100 most populated cities the United States, Newark is that which with the smallest surface after its neighbor, Jersey City. Historically, the districts located in height are also richest, for example those of Forest Hill, High Street, and of Weequahic. Newark is surrounded by residential suburbs in the west, Passaic River and bay of Newark in the east, by dense urban areas in the south and south-west, and by suburbs of the middle-classes and industrial parks in north.

Districts

Newark is the city most populated like one of most diversified New Jersey on the level of the origin of its inhabitants after Jersey City. Its various districts accommodate people of different origins, whose Afro-américain S, Porto Rican , Italy NS, Spanish, Juif S, African of the west, as well as Brésil iens, Ecuadorian and Haiti ens. Newark has the greatest Portuguese community of the the United States.

The city is divided into five administrative units, which are often used by the inhabitants to indicate in terms broad the place where they reside. However, these last years, the residents started to delimit several more specific districts. In general, the industrial parks are in the southern surfaces and is, close to the airport and the port, whereas the residential zones are in the surfaces north, power station, and west.

The principal districts are:

Broadway: a rather poor district where resides the Porto Rican community.
Dayton
Downtown : the downtown area is the central district of the businesses, the culture, and the local government. It is located on a curve Passaic River. The Interstate 280 is located just at north. It is here that the city was rested by the Puritans.
Clinton Hill: residential district.
Fairmount: district Afro-American.
Forest Hill: easy district, where one can find houses of Art schools styles, victorien, colonial, Gothic, and Spanish Revival .
The Ironbound
Mount Pleasant : it is a Urban Enterprise Zone poor.
Roseville
Seventh Avenue
Springfield/Belmont
University Heights: the district accommodates four universities: the Rutgers University (campus of Newark), the New Jersey Institute off Technology , the University off Medicine and Dentistry off New Jersey (UMDNJ), and the Essex County College .
Vailsburg
Weequahic
West Side

The geography of the city is thus made that only the Central Ward is directly connected with the downtown area whereas all the others are separated by from it highway or railway ways.

Climate

Newark has a wet continental climate moderated by the proximity of the city with the ocean.

Demography

With the census of 2000, the city had a population of 273.546 inhabitants. Recent estimates indicate that it is higher than 280 today; 000 inhabitants. The population density was of 4 400 hab/km ² in 2000. However, by removing the grounds occupied by the airport, the installations harbor and railway, this density reached 8 100 h/km ², which classifies it with the second rank of the United States, just behind New York.

The principal origins of the inhabitants were: 26,52% of White, 53,46% Afro-Americans, 0,37% of Amerindian S, Asian 1,19% of , 0,05% inhabitants originating in the islands of the Peaceful , 14,05% coming from other areas, and 4,36% of métissés. There were 91.382 households of which 35.2% had children of less than 18 alive with them, 31.0% were married couples living together, 29.3% of the families directed by a woman alone, and 32.2% were not families. 27,9% of the population have less than 18 years, 12,1% from 18 to 24,32.0% from 25 to 44,18.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% 65 years or more. The Middle Age was 31 years.

Poverty and unemployment

Poverty remains a serious problem with Newark, in spite of its revitalization these last years. The riots of 1967 made fall the population, tendency which, continuing Années 1970 with the Années 1990, made lose approximately 100.000 inhabitants at the city. 28,4% of the population and 25,5% of the families are in lower part of the poverty line. Unemployment rate is, as for him, of 12%.

Economy

Newark is the larger third centers insurances of the country after New York and Hatford. Prudential Insurance and Mutual Benefit Companies are originating in this city. Many of other companies have their head office with Newark, of which International Discount Telecommunications, New Jersey Transit, Public Service Electric and Gas (PSE&G), Verizon, and Horizon Blue Cross Blue Shield off New Jersey. Eight seats of great banking groups are located in the city, including those of the three more important banks of the New Jersey.

Formerly first source of revenue, industry is replaced today partly by the field of transport, proposing 24.000 uses in 1996, and the services; but the city preserves also its many factories, located at the south of Ironbound, including one large Brasserie.

Education

The universities of the city are: Rutgers University, the New Jersey Institute off Technology (NJIT), Seton Hall University School off Law, University off Medicine and Dentistry off New Jersey (Newark Campus), and Essex County College. The majority of the academic institutions of Newark are located in the district of University Heights. Rutgers-Newark and the NJIT currently proposes programs of expansion, necessary within sight of the growing number of students to be placed and inform.

The city depends on the school district Newark Public Schools, of which the number of pupils amounts to 45.000, which makes of it the most important system of the state of the New Jersey.

Culture

Structure

One finds in the downtown area several remarkable buildings of Art schools style, like Veterans' Administration building, Newark Museum, Newark Public Library, and Essex County Courthouse, built by Cass Gilbert. One can find also there skyscrapers of the Années 1920 and style Art déco including the 1180 Raymond Boulevard, Newark PEN Station, and Arts High School. The Gothic architecture appears off through Cathedral the Sacred Heart de Branch Brook Park, one of the largest Gothic cathedrals of the country. Newark also has two public sculptures of Gutzon Borglum - Wars off America in Military Park and Seated Lincoln in front of Essex County Courthouse.

Museums

The Newark Museum has an important collection of art, whose department Tibetan is regarded as one of best world. The city accommodates also the New Jersey Historical Society, which organizes temporary exhibitions on the New Jersey and Newark. Newark Public Library produces also exposures of this kind. One can also visit the many art galleries of which City Without Walls (cWOW) and Aljira . The latter exposes the " artists emerging or under-représentés". cWOW is a contemporary art gallery active since 1975, located in the district of The Coast, where a new museum will be built soon, the Museum off African-American Music (MOAAM).

Media

The Star-Ledger , pertaining to Advance Publications, is the principal newspaper of the state but is based apart from Newark. The proximity of the city with New York makes that it does not have specific televised chain, but WNET, a station of the Public Broadcasting Service, is dedicated to him.

Transport

Newark is a center for the air, road, shoed and maritime traffic. It is an important passage of the urban area of New York and the North-East of the United States. The International airport Newark Liberty, located at Newark, is the second airport of the area of New York, and the fourteenth of the national classification on the level of the number of passengers. Just in the east is the New Jersey Turnpike, highway major having fifteen ways, and the port of Newark, fifteenth of the world.

The principal highways are the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95), the Interstate 280, the Interstate 78, the Garden State Parkway, the U.S. Roads 1&9, U.S. Road 22, and Road 21. Newark is connected to the Holland Tunnel and Lower Manhattan by the Pulaski Skyway.

Newark PEN Station, located just at the east of the center, is a major station for the city and the area, connecting the system of the PATH (which connects Newark to Manhattan) with three lines of the system New Jersey Transit and Amtrak towards Philadelphia and Washington.

External bonds

Official site of the town of Newark
Official site of the airport of Newark

Simple: Newark, New Jersey

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