New world
The Nouveau World is a term indicating the American continent. It was used at the 16th century in connection with grounds discovered beyond the Atlantic Ocean, when it became obvious that what one called until there “the the Western Indies” was in fact a new continent.
This name is opposed to the known Old world hitherto: the Europe, the Africa and the Asia.
This expression can have now the appearance of a Anachronisme, since it refers from an exceeded point of view.
Origins of the expression
The expression Nouveau World passed in the language running when, following the voyages of Christophe Colomb, which had a great repercussion in Europe, still amplified by the Imprimerie, the company in Occident took Conscience which there were grounds with the western, beyond the Atlantic Ocean. During longemps, indeed, in any case since the 6th century and the Great invasions, the scientific world and cultivated had given up the idea that the ground was spherical. The philosophers of the ancient Greece, starting from Parménide seems it, were informed of the rotundity of the Earth. Plato and Aristote had lined up with this idea. Eratosthène had even calculated the circumference of the terrestrial sphere.
However, after the cruel invasions, Cosmas of Alexandria returned to a Représentation punt of the Ground, the Carte in T, which then placed the three Continent S known since Antiquity (the Europe, the Asia, and the Africa) around one T reversed towards the line.
The Civilization arabo-Moslem woman, which was with the crossroads of many Civilization S antiques, had preserved the idea that the Ground was spherical. The Islamic Sciences and technology had a degree of advance higher than that of the Occident in the fields of the Géographie and the Astronomie, in particular. Indeed, the Knowledge S exits of Euclide, of Ptolémée, Aristote, were integrated in the arts centres of the Islam (in particular Baghdad), so that there was an important tradition in Géographie and Astronomie in this Civilization.
As of the end of the 10th century, and especially after the Crusade S, there were cultural exchanges between the Occident and the Civilization arabo-Moslem woman, which made it possible to integrate news Connaissance S in the Western Université S. Ptolémée, Aristote and Eratosthène became references in the cultivated mediums, like for the Explorateur S and the navigator S. But current teaching did not integrate the Géographie.
The first Exploration S towards the Asia (missionaries Franciscain S and Dominicain S, voyage of Marco Polo) developed in the Esprit S the idea that the Ground was spherical.
Nevertheless, the less cultivated classes of the company were not aware of the rotundity of the Ground.
The Explorateur Jean de Mandeville made, starting from 1322, a voyage 34 years in Egypt, then in India, central Asia, and until in China, which was considerable for the time. On its return towards 1355 - 1357, it made the account of its voyage, in one entitled book Livre of the wonders of the world (or Voyages ). It evoked the theoretical possibilities of navigation around the world (Circumnavigation). Its account (Handwritten at the time) was written in 250 specimens, and was translated in a certain number of vernacular languages. In addition, it is necessary to take account of the historical context: the great plague and the beginnings of the Guerre One hundred Year old had completely disorganized the European company.
The Livre of the wonders of the world thus had a certain success with the Moyen-âge, probably because of the possibilities of circumnavigation. Nevertheless, it is probable that one makes confusions between this work and the Livre of the wonders which is the account of the voyages of Marco Polo, which would be rather entitled Devisement of the world .
It is known that Jean de Mandeville influenced the young person Christophe Colomb, who also rested on the Imago mundi of the cardinal Pierre d' Ailly (1410, printed in 1478).
Contributions of new food products to the Old world
The New World brought to the Old world corn, groundnut, tomato, the tobacco, the chocolate, etc the potato played also a great part. It was cultivated in the INCA Empire and made it possible after its introduction in Europe to fight the famines in Ireland as in Prussia. The fruits currently most appreciated in Asia and in the Pacifique come from the New World: let us quote lawyer, papaw and pineapple.
See too
References
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