A neutropenia is a hematologic disorder characterized by a rate low of Granulocyte S (or polynuclear) neutrophiles in the Sang.

Epidemiology

The prevalence of neutropenia (if one fixes the threshold at 1000 éléments/µl blood) is about 1/1000. It is appreciably higher (0.5%) at the subject of black race.

Classification according to gravity

• Neutropenia (less 2  000 neutros/microlitre µl of blood) - light risk of infection
• light Neutropenia (1  000 with 1  500 neutros/µl blood) - tiny risk of infection
• moderate Neutropenia (500 with 1  000 neutros/µl blood) - moderate risk of severe infection
• Neutropenia (less than 500 neutros/µl blood) - severe risk of infection.
• Agranulocytose with a number of neutrophiles lower than 100 /mm ³.

Types

One can have a chronic severe neutropenia as of the birth (congenital neutropenia) or develop it later in the life (acquired neutropenia).

There are five principal types of chronic severe neutropenia:

• congenital Neutropenia

• cyclic Neutropenia - corresponds has a cyclic reduction in the circulating neutrophiles (generally every 3 weeks). More frequent at the woman.
• Neutropenia Idiopathique - it is a rare disease.
• auto-immune Neutropenia - rather common in the young children, where the organization identifies the neutrophiles like enemies and product of the Anticorps to destroy them. This form becomes, usually less severe with the age.
• Neutropenia of medicamentous origin - certain drugs can cause a very fast reduction in the leucocytes, and in particular in the neutrophiles, in a few hours as of the first catch, according to an allergic mechanism immuno (sulphamides, chloramphenicol, amidopyrine and noramidopyrine, phenylbutazone, certain cytotoxic).

Diagnosis

• At the time of a systematic blood test (Hémogramme)
• During an infection making suspecter a subjacent anomaly, bringing to carry out a blood test

Consequence

An important neutropenia is a ground at the risk for infections. This correlation was known as of the years 1960.

Causes

• neutropenias related to the Toxic action S of drugs or other products. Drug of employment running the such AINS, antibiotics… or produced chemotherapy.
• the infectious causes are also current. Generally they are viral (MNI, Viral hepatitis, Grippe…) sometimes bacterial (septicaemia with BGN, brucellosis…) or parasitic.
• the age which is sometimes regarded as a form Idiopathique.
• Due to a Irradiation either therapeutic, or accidental.
• congenital Neutropenia.

Therapy

See too

• aplastic Anemia
• Pancytopénie
• Thrombocytopenia
• Neutrophilie

Notes and référrences

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