One calls nestoriens the Christians followers of the Nestorianisme, one of the most influential forms historically of the Christianisme in the world during all the end of the Antiquité and the Moyen-âge starting from his bases in the west of the Persian Empire.

The Churches heiresses of this current of Eastern Christianity are currently certain Christian communities of the east of the Anatolia and the north of the Mésopotamie (Turkey and Iraq), with the Assyrian Église and her binocular linked with the Catholic church, the Église chaldéenne.

Just like the members of the orthodoxe Syrian Church (the Jacobites of the Turn Abdin and the historical Syria followers of the Monophysisme, also called Syriaques or Arabic and Turkish Süryani), they are heirs to the historical patriarchate of Antioche (current Turkey) and use in their Liturgie and partly in the life of the every day of the Dialecte S derived from the Araméen, the principal language spoken in the Byzantine Middle East before the later Arabisation. The Arabisation however was very strong in these communities, less in those close to the Kurdish like Nestoriens.

The Assyrian Church or nestorienne orthodoxe, had as a bastion the area of Hakkari (current Eastern Turkey) and saw most of its members assassinated at the time of the great massacres which took place at the time of the First World War; the second, the Church assyro-chaldéenne, uniate and thus related to the Catholic church since the 16th century, still sees many members in the north of current the Iraq where it forms one of the most Christian minorities of the area in spite of the Diaspora which takes place since more than one century.

With the image of the Armenian, community assyro-nestorienne, orthodoxe diaspora and uniate, like his/her sister of the Assyro-Jacobite S more in the west, count many members in a planetary diaspora. Indeed, the assyro-syriaque community (nestorienne and jacobite) of language araméenne shared the same destiny of the massacres with large scales before and during the First World War that the Armenian community. And just like this one, it is henceforth dispersed of the Middle East to the North America and the Australia, while passing by the Scandinavia and the remainder of Northern Europe. However, when one speaks about the massacres organized by the last Othoman government, one speaks much less about the Massacre of the Assyrians that Armenian genocide.

Nestoriens araméens and Persians essaimé also during the Middle Ages in all East (the Mongolian Khan S were favorable for them to the detriment of Islam) and are in the beginning in particular Christian Churches in the Indian Sous-continent (especially its west coast of Bombay to the Kérala). Several Mongolian princesses like Sorgaqtani and Doqouz Khatoun were nestoriennes, and one still finds one évêché nestorien with Kachgar at the 14th century.

Recent excavations revealed the existence in VIIe century of one évêché and a community nestoriens in Barus, on the Western coast of the northern of Sumatra in Indonesia.