Nertchinsk

Nertchinsk (in) is a city of the Oblast de Tchita, in Russia, with 305 km in the east of Tchita, and 644 km in the east of the Lake Baïkal. It is on left bank of the Nertcha river, with seven kilometers above its junction with the river Chilka, which is thrown in the Amour. Its population rose with 15 748 inhabitants in 2002.

History

The fort of Nertchinsk goes up with 1654 and the city itself was founded four years later by Afanasy Pachkov, which thus opened a direct communication between the Russian establishments of Transbaïkalie and those of the Amour, founded by the Cosaques and of the merchants of furs come from the area of Iakoutsk. In 1689, the Treated of Nertchinsk , signed between Russia and the China, stopped all new projection of Russia in the basin of the Love during nearly two centuries.

Nertchinsk became the principal center commercial with China. The opening of the Western road through the Mongolia, by Ourga, and the establishment of a customs house to Kiakhta, in 1728, moved this trade towards a new road. But Nertchinsk acquired a new importance thanks to the arrival of immigrants, exiled especially, in Transbaïkalie, and with the rise of the mining activity and the great number of condemned sent in the Katorga of Nertchinsk. Nertchinsk became finally the principal city of Transbaïkalie.

Nertchinsk accepted, in 1782, the visit of the famous adventurer and engineer English Samuel Bentham. Bentham had noticed the potential of Nertchinsk to be used as access to the Mer of Okhotsk, provided that navigation on the Love is authorized by China. That would have made it possible to develop the trade of the furs with the Chinese Pacific Ocean and ports until Canton.

In 1812, Nertchinsk was transferred from banks of Chilka to its current site because of floods. The city lost its regional supremacy at the end of the 19th century to the profit of Tchita, because it was not on the way of the Transsibérien. The population rose with 6 713 inhabitants in 1897.

20th century

At the beginning of the 20th century, Nertchinsk was built out of wood and its districts low were often flooded. The inhabitants lived mainly of agriculture (tobacco and breeding). A trade of cattle, the imported of China and Russian manufactured goods made live some merchants. The gold mines of the area were the property of Boutine, a family of traders, which exploited them. The palate of Boutine of style néo-Moorish always exists, but it is completely dilapidated.

Today the saving in Nertchinsk rests on modest industrial activities (electromechanics and agro-alimentary). The city has a small museum, founded in 1884, the cathedral of the Resurrection, built in 1825 in a neo-classic style to commemorate the displacement of the city and whose bell-tower was destroyed after the Révolution Bolshevik. The monastery of the Assumption, in the old site of Nerchinsk was founded in 1664 ; its cathedral, devoted in 1712, is more the building of Muscovite style baroque in the east.

External bonds

Extremely of Nertchinsk
Monastery of the Assumption of Nertchinsk (1706-64)
Nerchinsk on Google Maps

Source

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