The Neisseria form one of Bactérie S with negative Gram pertaining to the family of the Neisseriaceae, in the group of the Proteobacteria.
Neisseria are generally hulls per pair (diplocoques) resembling coffee beans. They are motionless bacteria, strict aerobe, Chimiohétérotrophe and positive Oxydase. The various species can be différenciables between them by tests of use of the Sucre S (according to their capacity to use the Glucose, the Maltose, the Lactose and the Sucrose).
The Neisseria live on the mucous membrane of the mammals and the majority of the species is not pathogenic. The kind includes/understands however two pathogenic important, Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae .
Pathogenic species
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae or gonococcus is responsible for a Sexually transmitted disease: the Gonorrhea or blennorrhoea.
- Neisseria meningitidis or méningocoque is responsible for contagious rhinopharyngitis and Méningite.
Nonpathogenic species commensales:
- Neisseria cinerea
- Neisseria elongata
- Neisseria flavescens
- Neisseria lactamica
- Neisseria mucosa
- Neisseria polysaccharea
- Neisseria sicca
- Neisseria subflava
History
The kind Neisseria owes its name to the German bacteriologist Albert Neisser, which made the discovery of its first representative Pathogène, the gonococcus responsible for the Gonorrhée, a human disease sexually transmissible. Neisser also took part in discovered of the bacillus of Hansen, the agent of the Lèpre. These discoveries were made possible thanks to novel methods of coloring which it contributed to develop.
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