The needs are at the level of the Interaction between the Individu and the Environnement. It is often made a classification of the human requirements in three main categories: primary education needs, secondary needs and fundamental needs.

  • the primary education Needs , also called elementary or physiological needs, are the needs essential to the Man and his survival: to nourish themselves, breathe, reproduce,…

  • the secondary needs , also called material needs, are needs whose satisfaction is not vital. Among them one finds the need for mobility, to dress itself, of going to the cinema, meeting world.
  • the fundamental needs correspond to the needs to exist and Philosopher or to put existential questions.

Various classifications of the needs exist and sometimes the same denomination can indicate two completely different categories of needs. It is for example here refers to the fundamental needs as being for the needs of a philosophical nature, while other denominations define the fundamental needs how being primary education needs (see the Fourteen fundamental needs according to Virginia Henderson).

In any event, these distinctions are primarily subjective and depend on the individuals and the social context. For example, a housing heated and provided with running water is regarded as a fundamental need in the developed Western companies, whereas it is not even regarded as a secondary need by the wandering tribes for Africa or Asia.

The American psychologist Abraham Maslow emitted a theory classifying the needs in a hierarchical way which can be represented in the form of a pyramid. According to this theory we will initially seek to satisfy each need for a level given before thinking of the needs located at the immediately higher level for the pyramid.

Needs and resources

The human desires are unlimited because in particular related to the company, while the human needs would be, according to certain, identifiable. the resources being limited, it appears necessary to the Man to transform them to satisfy its needs and thus to produce scarcity.

The Economic activity aims at the realization of these secondary needs by creation for the desire for consumption through the phenomenon of scarcity. One can indeed notice that the secondary needs are unlimited because it is noted that as a need is satisfied, another appears.

Needs and utility

The theory of the unlimited needs is sometimes discussed. Indeed, the creation of a Consumer good implies the creation of a Consommateur and conversely. Criticisms Anthropologique S make the point that many tribe S autochtones wandering did not accumulate about any well, limiting their needs to the social relation for the object of the need. This criticism is not really applicable to the occidentalized companies which are consumer societies.

In the economic field , in the Liberal systems , the desires is often requested and transformed of needs, often considered superfluous. In fact, it is rather about creation of a " request " (which solvent need is a ), rather than of the satisfaction of what some consider a reality " besoin" , the Profitability being able to precede the concern of the service. The use of the word " besoin" confer a certain validity on a goal which would be primarily Mercantile, while minimizing this aspect.

To distinguish between what is need, which is Envie and what is Utilité rests largely on subjectivity. On the other hand the fundamental need can be defined in objective and quantifiable terms (From which limit of non-satsfaction survival remains possible, or survival while being able to provide an awaited function)

See too

Simple: Need

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