Nectanébo II

Nectanébo (reign of -360 with -343) is the third and last Pharaon of and thus the last independent Egyptian sovereign. He sees himself offering the crown with the assistance of the king of Sparte Agésilas {{II}}, leaving Téos with the catches with Persians. Under its reign the Egypt saw its last years of peace and during eighteen years it succeeds in moving away the threat always present from the Persian invasion of gaining a battle in -351. This respite of short duration makes it possible Nectanébo to continue the work of his/her grandfather Nectanébo {{Ier}}.

Titulature

Reign

Wanting to be the worthy successor of the founder of the dynasty, Nectanébo is a large manufacturer. One finds his intervention on the major sites of the country. From Héliopolis come from the statues of the falcon Horus which protected the king between his legs. They are currently exposed to the Musée of Cairo and the Metropolitan Museum off Art with New York. With Saqqarah, it builds a sanctuary dedicated to Isis with the Sérapéum and makes build a temple dedicated to Osiris-Apis opposite the principal enclosure where were buried the crowned bulls. A little more in north, it makes arrange a sanctuary in terrace under which galleries are dug for the mummies of the crowned animals. Baboon S and Ibis for the Thot god]], but also Cat S for the goddess Bastet whose sanctuary is renovated and Faucon S Hypostase S of various major divinities such Horus or Isis. Saqqarah then represented at that time a true town of pilgrimage where any excessively pious person was to go in order to honor the gods and to receive a blessing there.

It also built with Philae where it built a pylon and its activity is attested with Assouan, Edfou where the naos that one still sees there is with its name, with Erment, Karnak by continuing the first pylon, with Coptos, Hermopolis, Hérakléopolis, Memphis, Behbeit el-Hagar where the remainders of the temple of Isis go back mainly to its reign, with Bubastis with the temple of Bastet, and with Horbeit where it founded a temple dedicated to Horus.

The end of its reign is disturbed by the conflict with Persians and Egypt will be invaded by the armies of Artaxerxès {{III}} which, this time, prepared better its countryside and which, after having overcome the citadel of Péluse to the Eastern point of the delta, takes Bubastis and puts the seat in front of Memphis where the king had taken refuge. Nectanébo flees then in High-Egypt from where it organizes the resistance which would have continued until in -335 by some Khababash. This one would have even taken again the control of Memphis since a Apis was buried in year 2 of its reign. Persians then carried it under the reign of Darius {{III}} Codoman, but for one short duration. Already Alexandre carried his efforts on the Persian Empire after having made a success of the unit of Greece and soon it will release Egypt of the invader being made crown Pharaon in his turn.

The Sarcophage external in Granit of Nectanébo was found with Alexandria, and can be admired today with the British Museum. It was probably not buried inside and the place of its discovery is undoubtedly the result of a re-employment of the periods gréco-Roman.

Found during the forwarding of Egypt of Bonaparte, it was described by the scientists who made the statement of it, appeared in the Description of Egypt.

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