NeWS

A new is an account of fiction runs in prose, which can of this fact being published as well in the newspapers as in collection. This literary Kind appeared at the end of the the Middle Ages, was then close to the Romance , and, from realistic inspiration , was distinguished little from the Conte. As from the 19th century, the authors gradually developed others the possibilities of the kind, while being based on the concentration of the history to reinforce the effect of this one on the reader, for example by a surprising Dénouement. The topics also widened: the news became a privileged form of the fantastic Littérature, police, and of Science-fiction. The influence of Edgar Poe on the kind is in this respect paramount.

History of the news

Birth of the kind

The news is born in France with the end from the Moyen-âge. It comes to be added, and partly to be substituted, with a multitude of the short accounts: French tale in verse, alluviums, said, estimate, example, Tale S, etc Directly inspired of the Décaméron (1349-1353) of Boccace, the first collection of new Frenchwomen, anonymity, the Hundred New news , is probably appeared between 1462 and 1466), being neighborly with the licencieux accounts inherited the French tale in verse, one finds stories more serious, where the anecdote leaves the place to the psychological analysis partly.

First evolutions

Published in 1613 and translated into French two years later, the New specimens of Miguel de Cervantes, the author of Don Quichotte, are a considerable success and will constitute for a long time the reference. Under their influence, the kind will undergo a double evolution, given by its relations with the novel. Initially, one sees the news approaching this one by his subjects and his composition: thus, the Princess of Clèves of Madam de Lafayette is considered, at the time of its publication, like a news. The contemporary novels integrate besides often in their center of the news, in the form of digressions inside the principal account, or of stories told by characters with others. But the news is distinguished however from the novels of the time, extremely long and bulky, by its more tightened action. It is this design which, in the last decades of the XVIIIe century, will finally carry it on the news “small novel”, and which will develop during the next century.

The rise of the kind

One agrees to regard the XIXe century as the age of the rise of the news. And of Honore de Balzac ( Contes drolatic ) with Gustave Flaubert ( Three tales ), of Victor Hugo ( Claude Gueux ) with Stendhal ( Italian Chroniques ), of Alfred de Musset with Barbey d' Aurevilly ( Diabolic the ), of George Sand (News) in Zola ( Contes in Ninon ), it is hardly of novelist of importance who did not write a news, and even of collection of news. Some, like Prosper Mérimée and especially Guy of Maupassant, with eighteen collections published of alive sound, even specialized in the kind.

If the news then exploits in France especially the two apparently opposite veins of realism and the fantastic one, it is hardly of topics which it does not approach, hardly tons that it does not borrow. To the remainder, its prestige is not limited to France: in testify, inter alia, Hoffmann, Edgar Poe, Henry James, Hermann Melville, Pouchkine, Gogol, Tchekhov, and well of others. It is finally advisable to recall that it is during the XIXe century that the most elaborate theories of the kind are proposed, initially in Germany (Goethe, which founds with the News the model of the genre and Schlegel), then in the United States (Poe and James). Alphonse Allais, founder of the modern laughter, introduced the madness into its news, like the templiers .

The XXe century saw many writers choosing the short form. In France, Sartre, of course, and its collection the Wall , but also, among the contemporaries, Georges-Olivier Châteaureynaud, Dominique Mainard, Hubert Haddad, to quote only some of them, known or less known. Some chose to be expressed (almost) only by the news, sometimes very short: it is the case of the Belgian Thomas Gunzig, Georges Kolebka, Herve Tellier and especially of Annie Saumont.

Poetic of the news

A news has several characteristics, all related to its brevity.

  • Contrary to the Romance , it is centered on only one event.

  • the characters are very few and are developed than in the novel.

  • the end is often unexpected, and only takes the form of a sometimes long “fall” of some lines.

Baudelaire, translator of Poe, proposed this analysis of the news:

It has on the novel with vast proportions this immense advantage which its brevity adds to the intensity of the effect. This reading, which can be very accomplished of a breath, leaves in the spirit a memory much more powerful than a reading broken, stopped often by the worry of the businesses and the care of the interests society men. The print unit, the totality of effect is an immense advantage which can give to this kind of composition a completely particular superiority, at this point that a too short news (it is undoubtedly a defect) is better still than a too long news. The artist, if it is skilful, will not adapt his thoughts to the incidents, but, having deliberately conceived, with leisure, an effect to produce, will invent the incidents, will combine the events most suitable to bring the desired effect. If the first sentence is not written for prepares this final impression, work is missed as of the beginning. In the very whole composition it should not slip only one word which is not an intention, which does not tend, directly or indirectly, to perfect the premeditated intention| new Notes on Edgar Poe

Authors of news

; Medieval and traditional news

; Modern period

; Contemporary period:

External bonds

; Contest of news

  • Contest of news - historical whodunnit

  • Competition based on a Place… - December 2006
  • the Reader of the valley 2008 - Contest of news
  • Astonishing travellers - subjects of contest of news 2007 (file pdf)
  • Editions the iroli. Contest of News of less than 1000 words
  • the number of the angels - contest of news
  • BDA (Office of Arts) Sciences Po annual contest
  • Contest of news with keywords
  • TO READ - Contest of news
  • National competition studied of drafting of a news (2007)

; Festival of news

  • Festival of the News of Beauvais

; News in line

  • WikiNouvelles, collaborative composition of news and poetries in line
  • Good news, audio space literary accessible to the nonconspicuous people
  • New, new 1000nouvelles Oniris
  • …
  • Publinet
  • Least the

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