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The purchasing is a trade which consists in managing the purchases in a Entreprise.

Since the Years 1980, the Entreprise S seek means other than the sale to increase their incomes because the growth of the markets is stabilized.

Nowadays the sales strategies being well controlled by the companies, the leaders are interested more and more in the expenditure of their companies. Indeed, those Ci can represent according to the branches of industry between 40% and 70% of the total costs of the company: the least profit thus has notable effects on the financial result of this one.

Consequently the purchasing generally intervenes as a framework to rationalize (to include/understand “to manage intelligently”) one or more families of purchases (groups of goods that one can gather in homogeneous groups), and to optimize the purchase price of them.

One agrees in general on a ratio of 1 purchaser for 100 people, but this ratio strongly depends on the context of the company (industrial, commercial, services,…).

There are two great types of generally allowed purchasers:

  • the purchasers in production who are interested in the cycle of production of the Marchandise S (that one can popularize like the purchase of raw materials or finished products of semi subcontracting) and with the related products (purchases of tools, of machines, also called purchases of Investissement S).

  • the purchases except production, which gather all that directly does not relate to the cycle of production in him even. One includes/understands there the purchases of services (company of maintenance of the buildings, personnel of safety, and sometimes temporary, by the means of services companies, for example software firm), the purchases of overheads like the office supplies, the purchases of pieces of furniture etc

This allows to negotiate the purchase price of the work suggested by the subcontractors.

The regroupings are not “official” and only each company or each author does not classify the purchases in the same way. However, four categories of Purchases are detached:

  1. purchases or strategic agreements of companies,
  2. purchases projects (goods, matters, services which the supplier will produce in a near future or distance),
  3. traditional purchases (contracts, negotiations for orders immediate or annual),
  4. provisioning (negotiation of the quantities to be delivered and the time, within the framework of a contract of purchase, in general carried out by the supplier, which is a different and quite specific trade, Logistique field - Supply Chain).

Since 1990, the trade of purchaser developed considerably. It requires legal and technical training more and more. Many companies are international today and were organized via a centralization (partial or total) their purchases: this trade thus requires a very good control of English, and one (or several) another language is often required by the employers.

Formation

The purchasers are more and more often executives which have a diploma of level Bac +4 but which tends to be harmonized in Bac +5. This type of formation is provided by IAE ( Institut of administration of the companies ) to the level OF the or IUP ( Academic institute professionnalized ) to the level control. There exists also a formation with VAT +3 professional License " purchasers industriels" by alternation, this formation makes it possible to combine the theory with the pratique" (cf bond generation http://www.generationacheteur.eu) purchasers Also let us note that purchasers having a double technical skill (formation Engineer followed by a specialization purchase for example) are very appreciated. There exist specialized trainings, specialized schools, MAY in Bordeaux, the DESMA in Grenoble, the ESSEC, the CIPS in the U.K.,… but one still finds much post of purchaser occupied by a person having a countable formation, or engineer general practitioner, or commercial type HEC.

Purchaser is a trade. A purchaser must know to make the difference between the cost of purchase and the cost of acquisition. There exists in America and this since strong a long time, of associations known as of purchasers. In Canada national association is recognized under the name Purchasing Management Association off Canada (PMAC) francized in ACGA (Canadian Association of Management of the Purchases) which was created in 1919 by the sponsorship of American Association " National Association off Buyer' S Agents" (NABA).

Career

To choose the occupation of purchaser or supplier has been a challenge relatively easier for a few years. Many universities offers maintaining of the trainings in provisioning (the HEC Montreal to quote only this one in example). That requires competences relating to the chain of provisioning, such as art to negotiate and establish relations with the suppliers and the capacity to treat the legal aspects of the contracts, the training programs of the ACGA can provide tools and knowledge of which you could be useful yourselves immediately. Each year, more than 10.000 specialists in the provisioning, leaders, managers, supervisors and trainees of the sectors private and public competences and advanced techniques thanks to the training programs of the ACGA acquire. New courses and seminars are continuously elaborate, and the existing courses are re-examined in order to ensure that the training programs of the ACGA continuously integrate technologies and the methods of point used into the international scales in the field of the management of the provisioning. (Drawn partly from the site of the ACGA: http://www.pmac.ca/PDF/EPHfr0304.pdf)

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