A marine soldier , or marine of war , or naval forces , or Navy is one of the components of the Armed forces of a State, which allows to at sea exert an action Militaire or since the sea. It can, according to the countries, to at sea exert also civil proceedings (missions of police force and monitoring, help and of assistance, fight against the traffics, prevention and treatment of pollution, hydrographic missions…).
A modern navy evolves/moves in four dimensions: under the sea, at sea surface, in the air and space (by the means of satellite ballistic missiles and ).
It is made up of warships, aircraft and installations with ground (of command, support and transmission), civil and military personnel of a very large variety of trades and specialities.
Means
Its means include/understand, in general:-
of the forces of surface (Aircraft carrier, Helicopter carrier, Cruiser S, Destroyer S or frigates, amphibious buildings, buildings of War of the mines, buildings of support - supply craft, floating workshops…, Patrol S and high-speed motorboats)
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of the underwater forces (Underwater S of attack, underwater nuclear launchers of machines)
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a naval Aeronautical (fighters embarked on aircraft carrier, helicopters based with ground or embarked, planes of maritime patrol, aircraft of support; in certain countries this function, in particular the maritime patrol with the the United Kingdom for example, is provided by the Air force)
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of the forces of marine fusiliers, commandos (Special forces) or of landing troops; these components form part in certain countries of the Army or with a specific body (like the US Marine Body in the United States)
Personnel
Categories of personnel
The personnel of a navy of war is not characterized only by the ranks from the military hierarchy:- - officers;
- - officers marines;
- - leading seamen and Sailor S.
- - officers marines;
It is also organized in four main categories:
- - surfaciers;
- - submariners;
- - aviators;
- - marine fusiliers.
- - submariners;
The military hierarchy is based primarily on the competence acquired by the formation (initial and continuous) and by the experiment.
Specialities
The specialities recover all the functions necessary to walk of a modern a combat ship and aircraft, and with the naval operations. The number of specialities varies with the qualification level: very diversified on the level of the operators and the technicians, they are limited to ten for the subalterns and are not in general any more very significant in term of employment for the senior officers and general.The specialities are dependant:
- with the control of the ship: expert, navigator, quartermaster, meteorologist, hydrograph…
- with energy and the propulsion: mechanic (vapor or diesel), electrician, atomician, electrical engineer of safety, fireman…
- with the control of the operations: Data processing specialist, electronics specialist, missilier, artillerist, detector (radar, sonar, electronic war), fusilier, transmitter, radio, plunger-bomb disposal expert…
- with aeronautics: pilot, air navigator, aeronautical mechanic, electronics specialist of edge, arms manufacturer of aeronautics, personnel of flight deck, air-traffic controller…
- with the everyday life: cook, Master of hotel, baker, tailor, secretary, furrier…
Combat buildings of the principal navy at January 1st, 2002
Note: The table uses the Code NATO, and are not indicated the ships below the frigates, like the corvettes or the Patrouilleur S. Concerning the France, celebrates it training ship Jeanne d' Arc is classified like cruiser helicopter carrier.Source: Fleets of combat 2002
One estimates at this date that 1.240 warships were operational in the world whose geographical distribution was the following one:
- the United States: 14%
- combined NATO: 24%
- Russia: 7%
- Popular republic of China: 11%
- remains Asia: 26%
- the Middle East and North Africa: 4%
- rest of the world: 14%
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