See also: Navarrenx (homonymy)
Navarrenx is a common French located in the department of the Yrénées-Atlantiques (Béarn) and the area Aquitaine.
Its name is Nabarrencs in Béarnais, Nabarrenkoxe in Basque.
The inhabitants are called Navarrese and Navarreses.
Geography
Hydrography
The grounds of the commune are sprinkled by the Gave d' Oloron, and its affluents, the Saleys, the brooks the Laus (10,5 km), Arroder and Lucq.
Localities and hamlets
- before the bridge, Mousseroles district.
- inside the ramparts, the Borough.
- outside the ramparts, after the Esplanade, the Suburb.
- in direction of Jasses: the district Bérérenx
- in direction of Mourenx: wood, old district of the canting hypocrites (Vesiat).
Communes bordering
- Méritein in north
- Susmiou and Castetnau-Camblong in the Known west
- in the south
- Jasses and Ogenne-Camptort in the east
- Vielleségure in the North-East.
Toponymy
The name of Navarrenx /nabarēŋs/comes from Sponda Navarrensis which means “Navarrese limit”. The suffix - enx comes from a confusion between the suffix - enc and Latin - ens which evolves/moves normally in - be /-ais . The toponym is documented in the forms Sponda Navarrensis (XIe century), Navarrencxs (1235), Navarencae (1286), Navarrencs (1290), lo molii of Navarrencx , Feel-To germinate of Navarrencx and the espitau of Feels-Antoni Navarrencx (respectively 1385,1387 and 1391), Nabarrencxs (1477) and Navarrenx-Bérérenx following the meeting of the two communes in 1828.
The toponym Bérérenx is mentioned at the 11th century) and appears in the forms Berarensis (about 1100), Berarengn (12th century), Bererencx (1385), Bererenxs and Berrerenxs (respectively 1538 and 1546)) and Feels Joan de Bererens (1612).
Bererenx comes from the Gascon anthroponyme Berard with the suffix - enh , modified later on.
History
The first written mention of the name of the city is in a charter of 1078. Navarrenx ( Navarrensis ) there is quoted five times. It is about a perpetual agreement between Centulle V of Béarn says the young person, Viscount of Béarn and Oloron and its vassal Raimond Guillaume Viscount of Soule. This one will be presented to Navarrenx to repair the wrongs made to the Inhabitants of Béarn by Souletins. It will be able to make of it reason and justice either by oath, or by paying a fine, or by duel. In this case the text says that the duel will be done, not on bank of the gave on the side of Drunk, but in bank on the side of Navarrenx ( Quod bellun fiet not in scraped Soulensi, sed in sponda Navarrensi ).It was, right from the start, a frontier town. In 1188 a bridge out of wooden is built and a founded market. The large arch of the bridge on the Gave d' Oloron goes back to the 13th century but lost its tower of defense, as one can still see some with the bridges of Orthez or with that of Sauveterre-with-Béarn, a granting was perceived there.
The Viscount held an impregnable castle on the height in the west, with the confluence of the gave and Larroder, “Casterasse” (" forteresse".) In 1316 having obtained for of Morlaas it was flanked of a country house, whose central place and the streets with right angle of Navarrenx have the memory.
The Bailliage of Navarrenx included into 1343 the communes of Araujuzon, Audaux, Dognen, Gurs, Méritein, Sus, Laàs, Ossenx and the hamlet of Geup (Castetbon).
In 1385, Navarrenx counted 85 fires and Bérérenx 10. There was in Bérérenx a laic, vassal abbey of the Viscount of Béarn.
In 1388 Gaston Fébus count de Foix, Viscount of Béarn makes imprison the jurats of Navarrenx until the inhabitants agree to contribute to repairs of its mill on the gave. By privilege this fort beautiful mill will belong later to the community of Navarrenx whose files highlight the amazing number of repairs carried out. During the suppression of the feudal rights the State sequestered it to resell it in 1813 per public invitation to tender.
In 1523 the Castilians led by Philibert de Chalon, Prince d' Orange, seize the city and destroy its défenses.
They were completely reorganized of 1542 to 1549: Henri d' Albret and Marguerite of Angouleme, Kings de Navarre (and Viscounts of Béarn), make modernize the fortifications by the Italian architect Fabricio Siciliano, who added four bastions to it on the model of the citadel of Lucques in Toscane: steps, half-moons, fear, underground galleries, blocked up walls of terre.
In 1569, it was to prove its effectiveness while making it possible the Huguenot S inhabitant of Béarn to resist the French troops of Terride (Antoine de Lomagne), from March to July, until the arrival of the helps of Montgomery. The churches inhabitants of Béarn which trouvérent on the passage of the involuntary regicide of the king Henri II underwent a vandalism irréparable.
The year 1620 sees the visit of Louis XIII come to impose the union of Béarn and Navarre on France. The city does not resist the royal troops, “It did not cost of it to the king the wick of a gun”. The sovereign restores the catholic worship with Navarrenx while attending a mass in the church even where his/her large mother Jeanne d' Albret, queen of Navarre and sovereign of Béarn, had publicly made profession of attachment to the Calvinisme the Easter Day 1563. To preserve the memory of this event it made place at the top of the gate of the church a laurel wreath with the escutcheon of France. The young king benefitted from his passage in the city to seize what remained treasure of kings de Navarre.
With the French revolution Navarrenx was selected like chief town of the department (March 4th, 1790), before the town of Pau does not succeed to him, on October 14th, 1790.
Under the command of colonel Regnault, the city resisted in 1814 the blockade of the division of the Morillo general belonging to the English troops hispano of Wellington which the Marshal Soult resisted in a remarkable retirement of Bayonne Toulouse while passing by Orthez.
At the unanimous request of the inhabitants the place is definitively displaced in 1871 and loses its garrison. Navarrenx will have remained place of war of 1546 until the end of the 19th century.
Heraldic
The currency of the east city: " OJ you I vau " (If me I go there). It was the name of most French canon of the strengthened city. " If me I there vais" is a challenge launched by this gun towards the enemies.
Administration
Intercommunality
The common one belongs to eight inter-commune structures:- Communauté of communes of the canton of Navarrenx
- arranges public local management
- SIVOM of the canton of Navarrenx
- intercommunity association of Gaves and Saleys
- syndicar mixed forester of the oak groves of the Basque valleys and inhabitants of Béarn
- trade union of the perception of Navarrenx
- trade union of cleansing of Navarrenx
- departmental trade union of electrification.
Demography
2005: provisional population of INSEE.
Economy
Navarre is an elaborate cigar robusto in Navarrenx in an old garrison formerly ordered by the musketeer Porthos: it is produced with 100.000 specimens, this prestigious cigar is placed among the 3 better robustos in the world and obtained a note of 17/20 according to Vins & Cigares in 2006.The activity is mainly agricultural (breeding, pastures, corn, mixed-farming).
Culture and inheritance
Civil inheritance
Navarrenx is girdled ramparts on almost all its sides although denatured since at the end of the 19th century a municipal decision allowed the demolition of “the Door of France” or “of the Musketeers” as well as a boring of the curtain “Holy Antoine” in the prolongation of the street “Holy Germain”.Girded walls as of the 14th century, the city keeps beautiful vestiges as the Saint-Anthony door, remade in 1645, the tower of the Explosives magazine, the place of the Barracks, the military fountain, as well as Gothic houses and, on the place of the town hall, an arsenal of the 17th siècle.
The house, known as house Mulched, date of XVIe century.
Religious heritage
; The pilgrimage of Compostelle On the Via Podiensis of the Pilgrimage of Saint-Jacques-to-Compostelle.One comes from Sauvelade, the next commune is Charre, and the Castle of Mongaston. A bridge of the 13th century, makes it possible today to cross the gave of Oloron, that the jacquets crossed a long time to their risks and dangers, by boat or, when the level of water allowed them, by the ford of Mongaston. In 1188, the Way is quoted in the charter of the bridge of Navarrenx.
There was a long time close to the southern door a commandery, a hospital and a Saint-Anthony vault, these establishments envisaged the reception of the pilgrims and the travellers. ; The Saint-Germain church of Auxerre date from the 16th century, but the sides of the nave were built only in 1862. Between the repercussions of the arcs of the side, the embedded and painted human masks, them, are old. It is not interdict to recognize there large characters, contemporaries of Henri II of Albret. A door, located on the side, would be that reserved for the Cagots. The church was restored by Charles-Henri Besnard.
Environmental inheritance
Navarrenx is a center of fishing to the Saumon and a base of excursions.
Sport
Sports events
The commune is located on the way of the 16th stage of the Tour de France 2007 which will take place on July 25th. The course of 218 kilometers will connect Orthez to Gourette - Collar of Aubisque.
Clubs and sports equipment
The Navarrese Stage Rugby (colors: green and white) evolve/move in the 3rd division federal.- 1973/1974 Champion of France 1e Série.
- 1975/1976 Champion of France 2nd Series.
- 1999/2000 Champion of France Phliponeau Juniors.
Equipment
The commune has of two elementary schools (public and private), of a public college (college of the Ramparts) and a private college (Saint-Joseph college).
Personalities related to the commune
- Baron Bernard d' Arros, lieutenant general of Jeanne d' Albret, was the man of resistance inhabitant of Béarn to the invasion of the French Army, organizing of defense at the time of the seat of 1569. It lost one of its two sons during the engagements.
- Catherine of Bourbon (1559 - 1604) intransigent calvinist, regent of the Béarn, sent to his/her brother Henri III of Navarre in search of the kingdom of France during the two years and half which it was with the shelter in the city: ammunition, guns and subsidies.
- Pierre de Vitau (1640 - 1713) notary, first jurat of Navarrenx. He was appointed States de Béarn in Paris to receive the oath of the king to respect the fors country. Its blazon, of azure to a gold lion, crowned, lampassé and armed with mouths , is always visible on the frontage of a house of the street Saint-Germain.
- Bertrand Dufresne (1736 - 1801) canting hypocrite him even, member of the Council of State, rose with the highest loads of the public purses (Managing director of the Treasury) making the admiration of Bonaparte.
- Pierre Hourcastremé (1742 - 1832) philosopher and scientist of universal fame. It accepted praises on behalf of Voltaire. Principal work: adventures of Lord Anselme knight of Loix .
- Prosper Darralde (1804 - 1860) mayor and benefactor of Navarrenx. Doctor of the empress Eugenie whose husband Napoleon III offered several tables located in the church Saint-Germain, copies of Murillo, Van Dick and L. Carrache.
- Francis James (1868 - 1938) liked to return in Navarrenx where his/her parents had married and whose his/her mother was native. He often speaks about the small city and the surrounding countryside in Of the angelus of the paddle to the angelus of the evening .
- Renee Massip born Castaing (1907 - 2002) writer member of the Fémina jury, prize winner of the Interallied price, described in the Regent present and past of his/her parents teachers with whom it lived villa " Allen" in Navarrenx, whose his/her father was mayor.
- Henri Lefebvre (1901 - 1991) " père" of too communist May 68, to be philosophical, too philosopher to be communist . The list of those which visited him in its Navarrese house (inherited his/her aunts Darracq) remains to be established but is impressive (Malraux, Perec, Cohn-Bendit)
- Raymond Grant eleventh baron De Longueuil (1921 - 2004). Cousin of the queen Elisabeth II of the United Kingdom, its pictorial works leave the shade since ten years.
- Father Sebastien Ihidoy cleaned Senior of Navarrenx, as from 1981, where he officiated during more than twenty years. For all the pilgrims of Jacques Saint, it is a legend for its reception and its humanism which summarizes in its Basque currency Jendia, jende (Any man is man). He attended in an assiduous way the philosopher H. Lefebvre whose residence was with hundred meters of its presbytery.
- Mady Mesplé : For several years, it has directed a master-class in Navarrenx, and is the president of honor of the association of the Lyric Stones, directed by François Ithurbide, whose vocation is to promote the lyric art in Béarn.
- Georgia Brouchet - Durosoir born in Navarrenx. Musicologist of world reputation, specialist in the French and Italian music in 16th and 17th centuries. Professeure highly skilled in the Sorbonne, enquiring associated with the Center of Baroque music of Versailles.
The long or short visits paid by the Viscounts of Béarn, the kings and queens of Navarre, the kings of France, known writers, musicians, philosophers would also deserve they to be mentioned.
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