Nauplie

Nauplie (in Greek modern Ναύπλιο / Náfplio ) is a Greek city, in the Peloponnese.
Capital of the Argolide, seat of one évêché, located in seaside, it is a historical and tourist city which counts (2001) 13.822 inhabitants. The city is installed on the northern slope of the peninsula of Itch-Kalé (85 m) and is dominated by the Palamède rock (or Palamidi) (286 m), which supervises the plain of Argolide and Lerne.
Occupied successively by the “Frank ”, the Venetian and the Turks, which left their print there, the city, which was a long time called Napoli di Romania is dominated by two fortresses: Acronauplie and Palamède. It was the second capital of the free Greek State (1828-1834), after Égine. The entry of the port is kept by the Bourdzi fortress, of Venetian style.

Geography

Population

Exports

Nauplie is the maritime outlet of Argolide. It exports especially Tabac, grapes dry and Coton.

History

Mythology

Nauplios, wire of Poséidon, sometimes confused with Nauplios wire of Clytonée is regarded as the legendary founder of Nauplie, to which it would have given its name. His/her son Palamède was regarded as the father of the inventors. Its name was given to the fortress dominating the city.

Prehistory

Remainders dating from the Paléolithique were discovered on the hill of Akronauplie. A cave with a Neolithic occupation is near the city.

Antiquity

At the time mycénienne, Nauplie belonged to the maritime Ligue of Calaurie which gathered, in addition to Nauplie, Calaurie, Athens, the Myniens, Orchomène, Trézène, Hermione, Égine and Prasiae. It is thought that this league would have been a coalition of the various kingdoms mycéniens circumference of the Golfe Saronique intended to reduce piracy in their water.

Starting from 628 before our era, Nauplie was under the domination of Argos.

The city would have been deserted time of Strabon and time of Pausanias.

The Middle Ages and modern time

Nauplie was taken by the “Francs” with Leon Sgouros who controlled it for the Byzantine Empire, in the obvious result of the Fourth crusade in 1204. It was initially personal possession of Othon of the Rock, then it passed to the Duché of Athens. It is by the marriage of Marie d' Enghien with Pietro Cornaro that the city passed to the République of Venice which controlled it 1388 with 1540.
Nauplie was then conquered by the Ottoman Empire which made of it the capital of the Morée. It became also one of the great shopping malls between the Occident and Raising it. In 1686, Francesco Morosini seized the city for Venice. It made undertake great work of fortifications, in particular on Strong Palamède (where work were directed by engineers Lasalle and Levasseur). One built new churches, but also of many warehouses and commercial buildings, thus accentuating the role of pole of exchanges of the city which changed name and became Napoli di Romania .
The Turkish reconquest of the city in 1715 caused 8.000 dead among the Othoman troops which were avenged by plunderings and massacres.

War of Greek independence

Nauplie was one of the objectives of the insurgent Greeks. As of 1821, the ships ordered by Laskarina Bouboulina reflect the seat at the city, but could not take it. Their attacks were pushed back to three reprises.
The November 30th 1822, the Staïkopoulos war leader seized strong Palamide with 350 men and released the city. It was reconquise.
never again In 1827, the fleets British, Frenchwoman and Russian gathered before patrolling in the Greek seas to force the Turks with the negotiation. That leads to the Bataille of Navarin.
The January 7th 1828, Kapodistrias arrived at Nauplie. The city became capital the following year (after the island of Égine). Kapodistrias reorganized the city. It made build the suburb of Pronia . The Head of the Greek State was assassinated the September 27th 1831 on the steps of the church Saint Spiridon.
In December 1832, whereas the city was occupied by the French troops, of the scuffles took place with Greek combatants of the war of independence. The French dispersed their adversaries with the gun and made 300 dead. The great powers then imposed the son of the King of Bavaria Louis Ier Othon like sovereign on Greece. The Greek National Assembly, joined together with Pronia, accepted the new sovereign. Othon arrived to Greece, in Nauplie, the January 18th 1833. Whereas the city was still capital, one judged there for disobedience the hero of the war of independence Theodoros Kolokotronis. He was condemned to death. The king commuted his sorrow to imprisonment. Kolokotronis was locked up in strong Palamide.
To the autumn 1834, the capital was transferred to Athens.

In February 1862, it was the garrison of Nauplie which gave the signal of the insurrection against king Othon.

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