The conservation of the Nature consists of the protection of the populations of Espèce S animal and vegetable, as well as the conservation of the ecological Intégrité their natural habitats or of substitution (like the Haie S, careers, Terril S, Mare S or other habitats worked by the man). Its objective is to maintain the ecosystem S in a good state of conservation, and to prevent or correct degradations which they could undergo.

History

See also: Amorce=Voir also, Chronology of écologisme

This discipline has old roots and rather anglo-saxones, which evolved/moved at the end of the 20th century, passing from the statute of science of patrimonial protection, which generally recorded and tried to locally treat ecological catastrophes with a science of more total action seeking with better anticipating them.

A diversity of definitions

The term of conservation does not profit from any definition in the Convention of Rio. There does not exist official and stopped definition nature conservation, but the terms employed are often the same ones as those used to explain the Sustainable development. The Comprehensive strategy for the biodiversity speaks thus about the conservation as being “the management of the use by the man of the Biosphère making it possible the generations present to benefit from the durable benefit, while maintaining its potential to answer the needs and aspirations of the future generations”.

For Carl Jordan, it is a “philosophy of the management of the Environnement which involves, neither its wasting, neither its exhaustion, neither its extinction, nor that of the resources and values that it contains”.

A scientific discipline: the biology of the conservation

See also: Biology of the conservation

The nature conservation is at the origin of the Biologie of the conservation, new science applying the principles of the ecology, the Biogéographie and the ecology of the landscape, as well as dynamics and Génétique of the populations. The Anthropology, the Economic scenes and the Sociologie are also put at contribution, in objective triple of restoration, protection and/or management of the Biodiversité.

Michael E. Soulé, American biologist and one of the founders of this new science, described the biology of the conservation like the “science of the scarcity and diversity” ( Science off Scarcity and Diversity , title of a work of Michael Soulé).

A new discipline which is addressed to dynamic and problems disturbed species, communities and ecosystems. Its objective is to provide principles and tools for the safeguarding of biological diversity.

It also describes this discipline like a “science of the crisis”: where the managers and the biologists must bring fast and effective solutions to important problems of conservation, like preserving a population of species threatened of extinction for example. The biologist of the conservation must often find answers and methods of management with problems of conservation of which it does not have all the data, since the theoretical tools and principles are still under development, and that we have do not have all information on the biology of the species to manage.

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