National union of the teachers

The National union of the teachers was of 1920 to 1992 the trade-union main organization of the teachers of the Primary education in France. He was member of the Fédération of State education.

First steps

In France, the law on the working trade unions of 1884 had opened prospects with the Instituteur S. It was for little time: the circular Eugene Spuller, being based on the difference in mode legal between the employees and the Fonctionnaire S excluded any trade union rights for the civils servant. From a legal point of view, this situation will perdura until the Libération.

However, to the teachers endeavoured to develop the Syndicalisme in their professional environment. The law of 1901 on associations made it possible to organize the teachers into friendly, generally departmental. Some wanted to go further. Thus in 1905 was created the Federation of the members of the state education, which was affiliated with a CGT of obedience Anarchist-trade unionist. This organization was minority but counted among its members of the militants generally marked on the left but not revolutionists, in particular of the persons in charge of the Federation (national) of friendly like Glay and Roussel. However, in 1907, Negro Marius, which had publicly launched a “proclamation of the teachers trade unionists” was revoked. One will note, in 1910, the creation of the review the émancipée School , which federated the revolutionary militants trade unionists and gave his name to the tendency of extreme-left of the SNI and the FEN.

1920-1945

Transformation of the Federation of friendly into a National union of the teachers

In 1920, the shortly after the First World War, the question of the transformation of friendly into trade union was posed. The creation of departmental trade unions (tallies of management traditional of the teachers) was quickly abandoned after the legal actions in dissolution brought by certain prefects. It was thus the National federation of friendly teachers, strong of its some 80.000 members, which transformed itself into National union of the teachers to avoid repression. From the Federation of friendly, the SNI borrowed its statutes and its operating process which will perdura until the Sixties: departmental sections, annual convention electing a standing committee (become national office in the years 1930) and an office (called secretariat later on).

Adhesion in CGT and the creation of the FGE

The SNI required its adhesion of CGT, which was impossible, the federation of the members of the state education being already affiliated there. The latter having joined incipient CGTU, the SNI could join the CGT in 1925. In 1929 was created the General Fédération of the Teaching which became, after the Release, the FEN (Fédération of State education).

The School liberator

It is in 1929 that was created the weekly magazine the School liberator , was founded and directed by Georges Lapierre (general secretary of the clandestine SNI during the Occupation, member of the network of Pierre Brossolette, it was stopped by Gestapo and died in deportation like its clandestine successor Joseph Rollo). the School liberator contained part of trade-union and social information and a teaching part. the philosopher Alain (Emile Chartier) there published a certain number of its famous matter .

Reunification of 1935

In 1935, theunit ones and ex-confederated were found within the framework of the process of trade-union reunification of 1935 (fusion of CGT and the CGTU). In 1940, the Mode of Vichy, in its very first measurements, decided the dissolution of the SNI and the suppression of the teacher training schools teachers. With the Release, the Trade union was reconstituted with three tendencies: majority known as “autonomous” (become later on tendency UID: Unit, Independence, Democracy); a tendency close to the Communist party (Unit and Action); a tendency of extreme-left (the émancipée School).

Occupation

Among the first measurements taken by the mode of Vichy appeared the dissolution of the SNI, the FGE and the Ligue of teaching. Reconstituted clandestinely, the SNI lost two general secretaries in deportation (Lapierre and Rollo).

1945-1992: the trade-union unit

In 1947 - 1948, the SNI consulted its militants by referendum on the confederal affiliation at the time of the scission between CGT and CGT-FO. Massively, the members decided for the “provisional” passage to autonomy. This choice was confirmed in a FEN which was thus not “autonomous” by will supporter of corporatism. Against any waiting, the Communist militants did not make scission, but took part in a FEN-CGT: the FEN had admitted a double affiliation (in its trade unions and one of the two confederations resulting from the scission of 1948, since there was no concurrent structure at its national unions). When Working force, tempted to recover “its” teachers, decided in the Fifties to put an end to the possibility of double affiliation, it lost the majority of its militants there (like Paul Ruff).

As for the FEN-CGT, present with trade unions in the technical education (which had mainly voted adhesion in CGT) and at the personnel of service, she lives to disappear in her center the activity from her teachers in 1954: although they had voted the continuation of their intervention, they yielded with a decision of the political office of the PCF which had decided ex will cathedra that the communist teachers were to concentrate their trade-union activity within the only SNI.

It will be noted that the final choice of autonomy and its corollary (right of tendency and the representation proportional of those, but the designation of a homogeneous executive resulting from the majority) was the object into 1948 of a motion of reference: the Bonissel-Valière motion, which then brings together the militants of the majority (Rene Bonissel was, within the secretariat of the SNI, the influential director of the school liberator ) and of the émancipée School (Marcel Valière represented it at the National office of the Trade union). This configuration remained the reference to the surroundings of 1968, with organization strongly attached to its unit, with the Laïcité (fight against the Lois Marie-Barangé of 1951, then against the Loi Debré of 1959), like with the revalorization of the function.

Then, the quasi-monopoly in fact of which it profited was called into question with the development of SGEN - CFDT, then, after 1984, the emergence of a FO trade union where the militants of the tendency Working Single Front were strongly present (FUO), generally very close to the Parti the Workers (ex-OCI). Tendency FUO was a scission of the émancipée School intervened in 1969.

The SNI, creator of associations, mutual insurance companies and co-operatives

The SNI will develop many associative, co-operative works or mutualists: Youth with the Outdoor (with the League of Teaching); creation of the MGEN (General mutual company of State education) was thus decided by the congress of 1946 (Grenoble) of the SNI. In 1947, it will be on the initiative, within the framework of the laic combat of defense, of the creation of the Fédération of the parental advices of pupils (FCPE).

Towards the scission

Conflict SNI/SNES

Within the FEN, the SNI met the opposition of SNES (pertaining until in 1967 in the majority) on the question of the complementary courses, become colleges of mainstream education (CEG) in 1959. The Masters of CEG belonged indeed to the body of the teachers. It is in 1969 that the government (against the will of the SNI, directly attacked by this measurement) made of them professors of mainstream education of college (PEGC). Within the FEN, they concerned the field of unionization of the SNI which, in 1976, for marking well its attachment with continuity school/college (project of fundamental school ) took the name of SNI-PEGC. The conquest of the SNES by the tendency Unit & Action made of this combat an at the same time teaching conflict and of trade-union orientation.

The congress of Orleans (1992)

In 1992, the congress of the SNI-PEGC of Orleans decides its change of denomination in Syndicat of the teachers. This transformation intervenes in the context of the scission within FEN, marked by the exclusion of SNES and SNEP).

The SNI-PEGC, become SE-FEN opens then with the exerting whole of the teachers of the nursery school to the college who from now on are trained in IUFM. The minority ones within the SNI-PEGC which refuses this evolution (Unité tendency & Action and majority of the School émancipée in particular) constitute then what will become the SNUIPP, which will be one of the trade unions constitutive of the unit news Trade union federation (FSU).

In its configuration historical (the only teachers and PEGC which prolonged the action of democratization of the secondary education of the complementary teachers of course), the SNI will have disappeared at the moment-even when it will have made acter (measurements of Jospin revalorization of 1989-1990) the equality between all the teachers of secondary educations which it is about level of recruitment, of duration of formation or grid of remuneration (creation of the body of the professors of the schools whose level of recruitment and qualification are aligned on the certified professors).

Famous members

Odette and Edouard Village. - The authors of the famous handbooks of orthography remained faithful members of the trade union, and in particular of his Parisian section within which Edouard Bled had exerted responsibilities (to advise syndical ; secretary of the commission of the conflicts at the time where its function was, apart from any hierarchical intervention, to arbitrate conflicts between assistant directors and syndiqués ; secretary of the commission of the directors) before and after the war of 1939 - 1945.
Louis Bouët, general secretary of the unit federation of teaching (CGTU), personality of reference of the School émancipée until after the war where it firmly supported the position of the passage to autonomy at the time of the scission CGT/CGT-FO of 1947.
Clément Durand
André Henry (former general secretary of FEN, former minister]
Augustin Malroux, teacher in the Tarn, deputy SFIO, it takes part in the rebuilding of the SNI in clandestinity during the Second world war (death with Bergen-Belsen).
Marceau Green woodpecker (Known like militant of the left wing of SFIO, of the Popular front at the end of the Fifties, Marceau Pivert was elected at the national office of the SNI in 1931.)

General secretaries of the SNI then SNI-PEGC

List general secretaries until his transformation into Syndicat of the teachers (1992).

1920-1932 : Louis Roussel , whose name remains indissociable of Emile Glay, with which it constituted a genuine tandem animating the current trade unionist within the federation of the friendly ones.
1932-1940 : Andre Delmas . Representative of the second militant generation of what one named then “ S.N. ” (the National union), it was one of the craftsmen of the Popular front. Demobilized in 1940, this resolutely pacifist militant, if it met (as others) the authorities of the time neither collaborated nor resisted. This absence of engagement will be at the origin of its setting to the variation with the Release.
1940 - 1943: Georges Lapierre . Native of the Paddle, Georges Lapierre carried on his community activity in the Seine, and in particular in Paris, after his admission with the entrance examination of the teacher training school of Auteuil (1902). Known to be initially the creator of the School liberator , weekly magazine of the Trade union published of 1929 to 1992 (excluded years of war, except like clandestine occasional publication), he had been also militant a teaching creator of the Jeunesse to the Outdoor and cofounder, with Louis Dumas, of the International federation of associations of teachers (TRUSTED). Solved Antimunichois, revoked in 1941, it was in relation to the resistance movements (in particular that of Pierre Brossolette). It is stopped by Gestapo in 1943, is off-set in Sachsenhausen, then in Struthof then with Dachau where it dies of typhus on February 4th, 1945. If there forever formally be the number one of the trade union before war (as from 1940, the SNI, whose dissolution had been one of the first measurements of the Vichy government, was an clandestine organization), he remained an outstanding figure expressing, until in the horror of, the humanistic value concentration camps of the university trade unionism, and in particular its philosophical will which he had been able to make pass outside.
1943-1944 : Joseph Rollo . Militant of Finistere comes from the current of the Ligue trade unionist of the unit Federation of teaching, near to Pierre Monatte and his review the proletarian Revolution. This current of inspiration anarchist-trade unionist was very hostile with the communist seizure on the CGTU. As of the Thirties, militants of this current join like Rollo the “ SN ” : one can quote thus Josette and Jean Cornec (parents of the lawyer Jean Cornec who incarnated so a long time FCPE, Roger Hagnauer but also, in High-Vienna, Henri Aigueperse. After the arrest of Lapierre, Joseph Rollo replaces it during one time when, following the agreements of Perreux of 1943 (clandestine reunification of CGT), the trade-union organization is in full reorganization. Decree at the end of March 1944, off-set with the camp of Neuengamme, it dies in April 1945 during the evacuation of its camp by the S.
1944-1945 : J. - has. Senèze . It begins its mandate in clandestinity and exerts it until the first national congress normally made up (congress of Montreuil, 27- December 29th, 1945). He had always declared that he would give his mandate then (he became then general secretary of the League of teaching).
1945-1952 : Henri Aigueperse . It was with the orders of the trade union at the time of the confederal scission. This discrete and exceptional militant at the same time (member of the committee of release of Limoges in 1944) preserved a moral and personal influence very strong on the organization and his various persons in charge.
1952-1962 : Forest Denis . After the exercise of its trade-union mandate, he became president of the MGEN (General mutual company of State education) and became the first president of the Coordination committee of works mutualists and co-operatives of State education (CCOMCEN) created to his initiative.
1962-1967 : Pierre Desvalois .
1967-1969 : Jean Daubard .
1969-1975 : Andre Ouliac .
1974-1983 : Guy Georges .
1983-1996 : Jean-Claude Barbarant (who led the passage of the SNI-PEGC to the Syndicat of the teachers before FEN does not take part in the creation of the UNSA).

Names

National union of the teachers and teachers of France and the colonies (1920)
National union of the teachers and teachers of France and the French Union (1946)
National union of the teachers, teachers and professors of mainstream education of college (1976).
Trade union of the Teachers - FEN (SE-FEN) in 1992 (moment of the scission) become Trade union of the teachers - UNSA (or SE-UNSA) in 2002.

Bonds

Internal bonds

SE-UNSA | FEN | Education | Chronology of the trade unionism in France

External bonds

Address of the National council of the SNI for the maintenance of the unit (1947)
Of the SNI with the SE: testimonys of Jean-Claude Barbarant and Emile Gracia (Document pdf, Henri-Aigueperse Center)

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