The national school of the Highways Departments , created in 1747 under the name of royal school of the Highways Departments by Daniel-Charles Trudaine, is a French University , whose vocation is primarily to form the executives of the Ingénierie and the Civil engineering. It is today located at Champs-sur-Marne on the campus of the Université of Marne-the-Valley and is placed under the supervision of the ministry for the Equipment

History of the School

Origins

Following the creation of the body of the Highways Departments in 1716, a stop of the Conseil of the King decides in 1747 installation of a specific training of engineers d' État, the royal school of the Highways Departments, base of the future National school of the Highways Departments, installation by Trudaine. It is then about the beginning of progressive and effective control by the State of construction of the roads, bridges and channels and of the training of the engineers of civil engineering. Previously, lords, Guild S and monastic orders shared with the State this competence and the recruitment of the technicians was done step by step. In 1775, the School takes the current name of National school of the Highways Departments.

The first director, in place of 1747 to 1794, was Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, engineer, administrator and scholar taking part in particular in the development of the Encyclopédie or reasoned Dictionary of sciences, arts and the trades , directed by Denis Diderot and Jean the Round of Alembert. Without teacher, about fifty pupils, whose Lebon, Bernardin of Saint-Pierre, Pierre Simon Girard, Rich of Prony, Méchain and Brémontier, was initially formed by car-training in the fields of the Géométrie, the Algèbre, the Mécanique, the Hydraulique. The visit of building sites, collaborations of training near the scientists and lords and the participation in the survey of the chart of the kingdom supplemented their formation, one duration from four to twelve years.

The increase in the prerogatives of the civil engineers, relating gradually to any project of town and country planning, involved the appearance at the time of the French revolution of criticisms against a policy perceived as being authoritative. In parallel Polytechnic school in 1794 was created, gathering the pupils of the Bridges, the Mines and the Genious.

A rise related on great work and industrialization

Many engineers of the Bridges (Barred Saint-Coming, Belgrand, Biot, Cauchy, Coriolis, Dupuit, Fresnel, Gay-Lussac, Navier, Vicat) took part under the First Empire in the rebuilding of the highway network, not maintained during the Révolution, and with the many projects of installation of scale, in particular hydraulics. This increase in work and their complexity imposed an adaptation of the teaching of the School, which was to also face the appearance of a company where industrialization and mobility made their entry.

A decree of 1851 defines the organization of the courses, the drafting of an annual timetable, the quality of the professors and the control of the work of the pupils. Moreover, it opened the School with the pupils not-resulting from Polytechnic, who they are French or foreign, and with the non-registered students. Preparatory classes were created in 1875 in order to compensate for the less educational level of these new pupils.

The development of the infrastructures and networks of displacement of the end of the XIXe century was strongly marked by the civil engineers of which several became famous: Becquerel, Welcome, Caquot, Carnot, Colson, Coyne, Freyssinet, Resal, Remained, Paulin Talabot… They is at that time that the features characteristic of the School quasi-définitivement were quasi-définitivement established, apart from the adaptations to progress of the techniques and creations of new pulpits of teaching, the such electricity applied, the political economy, the social economy, the Urbanisme, air bases…

A modernized institution

It is after the Second world war that the School opens with the economic world and increases manpower appreciably, answering the increasing demand of engineers as well for the body of the Bridges and Chaussées as for the private sector. An important diversification of the lesson also took place.

The year 1983 is marked by important reforms relating to the teaching recruitment, program, methods and the connections with the search and the companies and by the appearance for continuing educations. Moreover, the research laboratory, removed after the Second world war, is reintroduced in the School to meet the need to bind teaching and research.

Since 1997, the ENPC is installed mainly with Champs-sur-Marne on the site of the Cité Descartes but also preserves its establishment at Paris with 28 Rue des Saints-Pères. Nevertheless the State would project the sale of this historical establishment, the hotel of Fleury, towards the end of 2008.

In May 2005, the 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of advanced techniques and the ENPC approach to make it possible to the pupils of the one the schools to finish their course engineer in the other.

In addition, the National school of the Highways Departments belong to the pole of research and higher education ParisTech.

Sources

• the history of the site of the National school of the Highways Departments

Bonds

• Official site of the ENPC

• the office of the pupils of the School of the Bridges

• Bridges Alliance, the association of the former students of the ENPC

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