National party indonésien
The national Left indonésien , PNI or Partai Nasional Indonesia is a political party Indonesia N which ceased existing in 1973, when the government of the president Soeharto has constrained the political parties indonésiens to amalgamate in two parties, the Moslems to form the Partai Persatuan Pembangunan or PPP, the other parties to melt itself in the Partai Demokrasi Indonesia or PDI.
In 1927, Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo founds with a group of students of Bandung carried out by some Soekarno the Perserikatan Nasional Indonesia (indonésienne National federation) or PNI. This same year, the Communist party indonésien (PKI) starts an insurrection which will brutally be repressed by the colonial authorities. The government of the the Indies Dutchwomen seizes this pretext to stop noncommunist nationalist leaders, of which Tjipto which is sent in exile on the island of Banda in the Moluques, where it will spend 11 years. The following year, the PNI changes its name into Partai Nasional Indonesia , and adopts the red and white flag for the future nation, the Malayan like future national language under the name of bahasa Indonesia (Indonésien) and a song entitled " Indonesia Raya" (" Large Indonésie") like national anthem. This same year is held with Batavia (today Jakarta) a congress of associations of young people and students indigenous who pronounce the " Oath of the jeunesse" : " A nation, a language, a country: Indonésie". The nationalist movement indonésien was born. In 1929, the colonial government asks the PNI to cease its activities. Soekarno and other leaders are stopped. They are judged in 1930. Soekarno is condemned to 4 years of prison and the PNI is dissolved. The following year, the nationalist leaders Hatta and Sjahrir found the Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia (" state education indonésienne") or PNI Baru (" new PNI"). Soekarno is in addition released from prison but remains from now on apart from the parties.
Soekarno and Hatta proclaims the independence of Indonesia in 1945 and is respectively named president and vice-president of the Republic. One period of confrontation armed and diplomatic with the Netherlands follows, which try to recover their colony. This period, that Indonésiens call Revolusi , ends in 1949 with the formal transfer of sovereignty on the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to the Republic of Indonesia.
The PNI re-appears in the years 1950. The first parliamentary elections of the history of Indonesia are held in 1955. Four parties: the PNI, the PKI and two parties Moslem, Masyumi ( Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia , " deliberative assembly of the Moslems of Indonésie") and the Nahdatul Ulama (resulting from the sociocultural organization of the same name) are divided almost with equality 80% of the voices.
In 1965, officers of left try a coup d'etat, repressed at once by a general, Soeharto. The army shows the PKI to have organized the blow. The decree of dissolution of the PKI starts a massacre campaign which will make between 500.000 and one million deaths. Soekarno is isolated capacity by Soeharto. The PNI is discredited.
See too
Internal bonds
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