National park of Uluru-Kata Tjuta
The national park of Uluru-Kata Tjuta , before called national park of Uluru (Ayers Olga Rock'n'roll-Mount) , is a national park classified with the World heritage of UNESCO. It is located in the “Outback” at the center of the Australia, more precisely in the south of the Territoire of North, near the town of Alice Springs.
History
Europeans penetrate in the Désert Australian Westerner in the Années 1870. The monoliths of Uluru and Kata Tjuta were charted during the forwarding assembled for the construction of the telegraph line of Overland ( Australian Overland Telegraph Line ) in 1872.In two separated forwardings, William Ernest Powell Gilles and William Christie Gosse are the first European explorers in the area. In 1872 Ernest Gilles discovers Kata Tjuta since the Kings Canyon and names it Mont Olga, the following year Gosse discovers Uluru and names it Ayers Rock, of the name of Sir Henry Ayers, the Prime Minister of South Australia of the time.
Other forwardings follow in order to study the possibilities of breeding in the area.
At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century the relationship between the autochtones (the tribe of the Anangu) and the farmers European is conflict, the competition for the resources involves violent reactions and requires an increased police presence. Between 1918 and 1921 of broad portion of the South Australia, Western Australia and Territoire of North are declared reserves of aboriginals. In 1920, part of the park is declared reserve aboriginal (under the name of South-Western or Petermann Reserve) by the Australian government.
The first tourists arrive in 1936, in 1948 the first tourist vehicle for Uluru is born. Towards the end of the year 1950 a service of tourist buses is set up. In 1958 to answer the increase in the tourist pressure, the current area of the park is detached from Petermann Aboriginal Reserve to become Ayers Rock - MT Olga National Park under the aegis of Northern Territory Reserves Board. The first to arrange is a mythical figure of interior Australia, Bill Harney. In 1959 a motel is built then an aerodrome.
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act is promulgated in 1976, it means that after several years of fights, the indigenous rights on the ground are recognized in the Australian law. In 1985, an agreement of shared management is concluded between the service from the Australian parks and the aboriginals. Since the park is managed in partnership between the autochtones and the services of the state.
In 1987, Uluru National Park is listed on the list of the World heritage of UNESCO as a natural site, with the world heritage of UNESCO
Constituted of a broad sandy plain .
The Kowari ( Dasyucercus byrnei ), a small carnivorous marsupial, is the only mammal listed like vulnerable.
The park has a rich person fauna reptilienne, the scinque of the large desert is listed like vulnerable.