National guard of the United States

See also: National guard

The National guard of the United States ( United States National Guard since 1903) indicates Army National Guard, a component of the US Army (the Army American), and the National Air Guard, a component of the US Air Force (the American Air force). Army National Guard roughly represents half of the forces of combat and one the third of the logistic organization of US Army. These two branches of the National guard are managed by the National Guard Bureau, which is ordered by an officer having the title of Lieutenant General .

There exist various militia of State which represent forces reservists of the National guard and which are indicated like defense forces of State ( State Defenses Forces ). Certain militia of State exist since the creation of the National guard. Some are known as " organisées" , and reinforce the National guard in the event of shortage of troops. Those which known as “not-are organized” designate the adult men suited of a State who would be mobilized in the event of major catastrophe or of invasion. No “not-organized” militia known as was mobilized since the American Civil War.

Each State can mobilize the National guard at the time of certain circumstances (riot, natural disaster). It also constitutes a reserve of the army: at the time of the First World War, the National guard accounted for 40% of American divisions of combat in France.

In 1933, the Guard takes its current statute of official Réserve of the army, whereas in 1947 is setting-up the National guard of the US Air Force, the National Air Guard. Currently, the American reserves include/understand seven categories.

Change of the national guard

Since the end of the Cold war, manpower of the national guards know sensitive reductions.

In 1989, the National Army Guard, intended to reinforce the regular units of the US Army, counted 457 000 guards divides into 53 Brigade S.

In 2000, it had 350 000 people divides into 8 Division S of Infanterie complete - each one integrating 3 combat brigades -, 16 autonomous brigades, a regiment of Cavalerie and a group of infantry: that is to say a total of 42 brigades of terrestrial operation.

From here 2008, the national guard will have completed its reorganization, which rests in particular on the establishment of 34 flexible brigades. What implies the disappearance of 8 existing brigades.

Today, in fact mainly the brigades of Artillerie undergo full whip the reduction of total volume. Thus, from 17 brigades, the field artillery of the national guard will be reduced with only 6 brigades.

Currently, the organisational reform should find advantage in deployments various and simultaneous, as well with the profit of the interventions external of the American army as of the operations of a humane nature, included/understood there on the American ground following natural disasters.

At the time of that caused by the Hurricane Katrina, close to 42 000 national guards had been deployed in the Gulf of Mexico. At the same moment, 80 000 were in external operations, in particular in Iraq.

For the only year 2005, the national guard represented besides half of manpower of the terrestrial troops committed in the war in Iraq.

As well as her counterpart of active, a combat brigade (Brigade Fights TEAM or BTC) national guard is interarmes: infantry, cavalry (Armoured) and aviation (US Army Aviation). Other modules must be set up: 6 Fires Brigades, 10 Combat Support Brigade, 11 brigades of support, 12 brigades of aviation.

The organization of the command of each of 8 divisions of the national guard must, also, to be the subject of a reform to him where the priority is given to the modularity, knowing that a division has 4 or 5 BCT in times of Paix. In times of War, the number of brigades placed under divisional command will vary singularly.

External bond

Site of the national guard

Simple: United States National Guard

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