National front for the release of Vietnam

The National front for the release of Vietnam ( FNL ), called Vietcong by its adversaries, gathered, between 1955 and 1975, of the adversaries of the South Vietnamese mode of Ngô Đình Diệm, of which old Vietnamese soldier-minh - league which led the fight of independence of 1945 to 1954, during the First War of Indo-China. The FNL fought for the reunification in the Southern Zone ( Nam Bo ) during the second War of Indo-China, known as of Vietnam . “Minh Vietnamese soldier” (who literally meant “League for the independence of Vietnam”) and “National front of release” are two different expressions to express the same idea of independence and unit of the Vietnam.

The United front has major historical sources of Vietnamese patriotism in Vietnam. Previously, it mobilized the population in the anti-colonial fight. The united front put together all the tendencies, Communist and not-Communist. For that, Ho Chi Minh scuttled the NCV (Indochinese Communist party) which it even created to him in Hong-Kong in 1930, when he was the Nguyên outlaw Have Quoc, working with its two seconds, Pham Van Dong, the diplomat, and Vo Nguyen Giap, the soldier, to build Vietnam independent and plain. Madam Nguyên Thi Binh signed in the name of the FNL the Peace agreements of Paris in 1973 with the Duke Tho and Henry Kissinger, after the Offensive of the Small fireclay cup of 1968 which showed the bankruptcy étatsunienne of a military solution.

It is an organization which covers a limited goal, but important. The FNL was born on December 29th, 1960, making it possible everyone to join to be opposed to the mode Ngo Dinh Diem and to carry out to it the independence and the unit of Vietnam.

Only and single source

It was known as that the French bagnes had transformed nationalists into Communists fighting for the independence and the unit of Vietnam, to start with Nguyên That which begged independence near President Woodrow Wilson with the Conférence for Versailles in 1918. It was gotten rid of and passed to the Nguyên militant Have Quoc, making pass part of SFIO (French Section of the International worker) in PCF (French Communist party) on the topic of the defense of the colonies, to become later President Ho Chi Minh of the Democratic republic of Vietnam on September 2nd, 1945.

The personality of the FNL and its relations with Hanoi gave place to many intellectual and political debates. Famous persons of Washington DC clamaientt that Hanoi had directed the attacks against the mode of Saigon, taking again the old French topic of a colonial reconquest disguised in civil war. The series of the " White papers" wanted nothing to know that the First War of Indo-China had started in Saigon in August 1945, with the unloading of the Indian Division of the Gracey General come to disarm the Japanese troops according to the international agreements, with a detachment of FFL (free French Forces) in its luggage. The French forces tried a colonial reconquest by the South. The disarmament of the Japanese forces in Indo-China in the North of the 17th parallel was entrusted to the nationalist Chinese of Chiang Kaï Shek following these same international agreements which also entrusted the disarmament of the Japanese forces in the North of Korea to the Soviets and the South with the Americans.

Washington denounced the FNL while protesting which he was the marionette of Hanoi and which the not-Communists were the easily deceived ones. This represents a well-known psychic phenomenon under the name of " projection" who is attribution at the other of his own characteristics and intentions, because the mode of Ngô Dinh Diêm was obviously an American creation and with their orders.

The FNL, in addition, was autonomous and independent of the Communists of Hanoi. Washington continued to discredit the FNL by calling it " Vietcong" meaning communist Vietnamese of VIETNAMESE SOLDIER and (CONG san, literally " Commonwealth" in English or common fortune, as well in the " richesse" that in the " chance").

“White Papers” of December 1961

In 1961, president Kennedy sent a team to Vietnam to submit a report/ratio on the situation in the South and to make the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the necessary assistance. This report was submitted in December 1961 and known under the name of " White Papers". He claims an increase in the economic aid, military and technical, as well as the introduction, with large scales, of " conseillers" American to help to stabilize the mode of Ngo Dinh Diem and to crush the FNL. While President Kennedy compared the various aspects of the recommendations, other voices advised to him of all reirer of Vietnam with the argumentation of a dead end.

With his usual way, Kennedy chose the " just milieu" agreements limited with Diem, between a massive intervention and a negotiation. These limited agreements consisted in increasing the level of engagement by more material and " conseillers" soldiers of the MAAG (Military Aid Adviser Group) which had the mission of forming and to involve the Vietnamese personnel without having the permission to lead it to the combat. It was medium term between a negotiation and a massive military intervention. Upon the departure, this arrangement was obscured by news of Vietnam about the profits of the FNL near the populations rural and urban and, then, Washington launched a main fatal effort for the rural areas where always the heart and the spirit of Vietnam are since her origins mythical and sociological (cf Paul Mus, 1952 and Thanh H. Vuong, 1987). It was the program of the " hamlets stratégiques" copied British which worked out it and implemented to fight against a " insurrection" freedom fighter of the " CT" (Communist Terrorist) in Malaysia of the years 40-50.

The program of the " hamlets stratégiques" consisted in moving the peasants of their village and their rice plantations to install them in buildings and allotments artificially create and surrounded of the lines of defense with peaks of bamboo and barbed wire, a kind of " camp of relocalisation" with an aim posted to protect them. The military goal was to remove the water in which the fish of the insurrection swam, in allusion to the expression of Mao Zedong according to which, the guerrillero is in the population, like a fish in water.

" This long epopee of fight against the foreign invasions is also this of a long walk, by nibbling, of a face of villages, North in the South, which wrote the history of the Vietnam and who builds her culture on the level of the rice plantations, of a small delta to the following, Red River in North in Mekong in the South. In these rice plantations, continuation of water levels separated in checkerworks by small floodbanks, the texture Vietnamese does not deteriorate nor is detailed. It is a fact human, total, agricultural and social, religious and cultural, economic and technological. Vietnam, although several times overcome militarily, not only, with long, beat and uprooted her rivals. It does not bring with him a separated economy, faith and a legislation, but also a life supplements which works the country with its resemblance. Where this lifestyle arrives, Vietnam made east and the experiment prove that is more to demolish itself, i.e. that imposed by the rice plantations built by this face of villages where the ancestors, buried in the middle of the rice plantations, continue to take care, to take part in the joys, the sorrows and the labors of their descendants" (Thanh H, Vuong, p. 116,2004).

It was by these " hamlets stratégiques" from 1962 that the United States lost the aforementioned " War of Vietnam " who existed forever, from a legal point of view in International law.

The Battle of Ap Bac in January 1963 was the first " large bataille" , a relatively minor military engagement of the Second War of Indo-China or War of Vietnam and the first " large victoire" soldier of the National front for the release of the Vietnam from which the psychic effects of emulation were incommensurable (literally without common measurement) compared to the physical facts of a Psychological warfare in the manufacture of Wanting and Having to fight, as well as the Knowledge and the Capacity to fight. It was the first knell of the forces étatsuniennes which framed the Army of the République of Vietnam (ARVN).

Conclusion

The National front of release , with the vicissitudes of the First War of Indo-China for the independence of Vietnam, takes again philosophy, the ideology and the procedure of the League for the independence of Vietnam (Vietnam Doc. Lap Dong Minh Hôi) more known in the general public in the contracted form of Viêt Minh which led Vietnam to independence, like Ligue (Dong Minh Hoi) for the independence of Vietnam (Vietnam Doc. Lap).

As the First Guerre of Indo-China had its source in the attempt of the Admiral Thierry d' Argenlieu to create a " Republic of Cochinchine" to break the unit of Vietnam at the price of her independence, the Second War of Indo-China had as a source the sabotage of the Agreements of armistice of Geneva in June 1954 which prevented the reunification of the two zones of regrouping of the military forces by election chief clerk planned for 1956, two years after the stop of the combat of 1954.

It would be lighting to take again the reading of the Declaration of quoted Independence of Vietnam " in extenso " in the War of Indo-China.

Philosophy, the ideology and the procedure of Front National de Libération of the South Vietnam are expressed clearly and publicly by its program in ten points cultural, diplomatic.

1 - The political program is worthy of the Constitution of the United States of America with the spirit and the words of Thomas Jefferson, but in the Vietnamese context of the dictatorial mode of Ngô Dinh Diem and not that of the King Georges III of the the United Kingdom.

2 - The social program is worthy of that of a modern Western socio-democracy in the context of the mode of Saigon in 1960.

3 - The economic program is worthy of that of a liberal saving in private capital, in the context of the South Is Asian of Chinese civilization, with the accents of out the law of " Robin of Wood ".

4 - The diplomatic program, in the context of the Cold war, has accents of the Doctrine of Monroe, in the context of the European expansions of the 19th century, which consists in not dealing with the businesses of the others and not to leave the others of its own businesses.

5 - The cultural program evokes the " KulturKampf" German Unit of 1871-1890 with a culture common allied to a customs union of the " Zollverein ".

See too

Bibliographical references

Official documents of the Democratic republic of Vietnam, National library, Hanoi. French translations, French School of Far East, Hanoi.

Internal bonds

Offensive War of Vietnam

of the Small fireclay cup of 1968 carried out by the combatants of the FNL
Peace agreements of Paris of 1973.

External bonds

http://www.ena.lu/europe/1969-1979-crises-relance/appel-nation-president-chi-minh-1968.htm Call to the Nation of President Ho Chi Minh in 1968
http://www.media68.net/francia/vietnam/vietnam.htm the Vietnam and revolts of 1968
http://www.ena.lu/europe/1969-1979-crises-relance/liberation-gouvernement-revolutionnaire-1973.htm Call after the Peace agreements of Paris of 1973.
http://chatquipeche.free.fr/Ceux_qui_meurent.html Requiem of a Vietnamese well-read man deceased at 92 years

Simple: National Face for the Release off South Vietnam

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