National council of Resistance

See also: CNR

The National council of Resistance (CNR) was the body which directed and coordinated the various movements of the French interior Résistance, of the press, the trade unions and the hostile members of political parties to the Vichy government starting from mid- 1943.

CNR under Jean Moulin

Its first president was Jean Moulin, delegated Général de Gaulle.
Ce Conseil was wanted by De Gaulle in order to unify the various resistance movements which had been spontaneously constituted since the defeat and its Appel of June 18th, 1940, the shortly after the request for Armistice by the Maréchal Pétain.

Indeed, the movements of Résistance - except the Franc-tireurs In favor (ftp) and other resistant of communist obedience - were generally unorganized and were not sufficiently coordinated, according to the leaders of Free France. In particular, number of maquis did not maintain relations between them and this bulk-heading of the resistance movements prevented any organized, and thus effective united action.

Thus, Jean Moulin, faithful of De Gaulle, becomes the representative of the general the 1 {{er}} January 1942 in order to unify the whole of the resistance movements. This feat of ingenuity will occur the May 27th 1943 with the first meeting of the National council of Resistance (CNR) is held in the apartment of Rene Corbin, on the first floor of the 48 Rue of the Furnace, in Paris.

Members of CNR (May 27th, 1943)

The first meeting (May 27th, 1943) joins together, in addition to Moulin and its two collaborators, Pierre Meunier and Robert Chambeiron

This meeting will have a considerable political importance, as Robert Chambeiron exposes it: After June 27th, the Americans cannot doubt the legitimacy of De Gaulle any more. France becomes a combined country with whole share and, for this reason, will be present at the time of the capitulation of the armies Nazis, on May 8th, 1945. In addition, the Allies must give up their project to manage themselves progressively France its release. And, because there were CNR and de Gaulle, France will be, during creation of the United Nations, one of the five great powers to occupy a permanent headquarter within the Council of sécurité.

CNR after Jean Moulin

But, shortly after its creation, Jean Moulin which was then the president, are captured with Caluire by the S, on denunciation. He will then be tortured during 3 days by Klaus Barbie itself, and will die during his transfer towards Germany without to have said anything to his of torture. Its dumbness will prevent with the Nazis from dismantling CNR. However, this one decides by safety to put an end to the plenary sessions and constitutes an executive office of five members, each member representing his characteristic running and two other currents its actions, under the direction of Alexandre Parodi, acting general and of Georges Bidault, new president. The September 15th 1944, Louis Saillant will succeed to him the head of CNR.

The political program of CNR

CNR charges a general Comité with study with preparing a political platform for France according to the Release.

Adoptee the March 15th 1944 after months of negotiations, the Programme of the National council of Resistance is very impresses of social restoration and the influence of the communist groups like the Front National, especially in part II “Measurements to be applied as of the Release of the territory”, which aims at founding true “a social Démocratie”, under a mode of planned economy.

Among the measurements considered and applied to the Release, let us quote the nationalization of energy, the insurances and of the banks, the creation of the Social security… These actions constituted until today most of the Social skills of the second part of the XXe century.

Sources

  • Full text of the program of the National council of Resistance, adopted in clandestinity on March 15th, 1944.
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