The National center of studies of telecommunications (Hundred) was the name of research the French center in Télécommunication. The economic changes occurred in this sector led the State and France Telecom to change the name Hundred, become today France Telecom R & D.
History
Created the May 4th 1944, towards the end of the Second world war, the first task of the Hundred is to restore a telecommunication network (Téléphone and Télégraphe) in France. Its first visible realization by the general public is, in 1953, the retransmission by hertzian Voie of the crowning of the queen Elizabeth II.Nevertheless, these the first ten years also made it possible the One hundred to invent innovating solutions, like the technique of the transmission current in 1949.
In 1954, the LNR (National laboratory of Radioelectricity), located at Bagneux (Hauts-de-Seine) is integrated into the Hundred, after the SRCT (Service of Research and Technical control), under the direction of Pierre Marzin.
The following decade, of 1955 with 1965 mark the rise of space telecommunications, illustrated in 1962 by the first intercontinental televised connection between Pleumeur-Bodou in Brittany and Andover. The Hundred lance its first rocket, Veronique, in 1957. Space research opened, with the first Sputnik and, in 1959, a new department is made up to the Hundred with François of the Manor house. Soon a group of CNRS, the GRI is also lodged to the Hundred. The two groups will amalgamate later on to constitute the CRPE, first laboratory common CENT-CNRS. In space research, Hundred additions with its competences in radioelectricity its technicality as regards rockets then satellites. It is thus able to propose quickly to the CNES incipient from first achievements, with first scientific satellite French FR1 and with the ionospheric sounder with incoherent scattering. The complementarity science-technology gives to the CRPE a considerable weight in space research and it acquires very a world good reputation. François of the Manor house is responsible for the Franco-Soviet project of satellite Roseau , the first satellite with embarked computer, unfortunately abandoned in 1968. He launches the European project of sounder to incoherent scattering EISCAT in polar zone.
In March 1957, the Bell Labs invite in their laboratories of Murray Hill all the organizations and companies public or private which have agreements of patents with Western Electric. A demonstration of a first electronic model of telephone center is carried out in front of the participants in this conference: talks are made and an abundant documentation is given to the guests. Pierre Marzin, who had made a point of taking part in person in the symposium of Beautiful Labs, returned filled with enthusiasm from there.
As of 1966, an international seminar ISS (International Switching Symposium) gathers the experts of the field. In May 1965 Bell labs puts in exploitation the first system at electronic switching equipment temporal.
In 1972, the Hundred carries out its temporal electronic switching system, which will make it possible to simplify the telephone centres, tests the first transmissions by Fiberoptic and begins its work on the Visiophonie.
1974 brings a handing-over in fundamental cause of the Hundred, such as it was constituted since the Release, not without conflict with its new tutor , the Management of the Industrial Affairs, directed by Jean-Pierre Souviron.
Between 1975 and 1985, the Hundred continues its research on the digitalization of the communication network, with in particular the creation of TRANSPAC in 1978. Work of the Hundred makes it possible to propose in 1980 a first impression of Internet: the Minitel. The Teletext, still used today, date also of this time, like Numéris (ISDN), ATM, first active matrix flat panel displays, and the Publiphone S with chart.
In 1979 the DGT makes publish a book on the " Télécommunications" in France. This document includes/understands 700 pages, including 4 devoted to the Hundred.
The change of majority in France, in 1981, is reflected on telecommunications. The new direction of the Hundred endeavors to give again with the Hundred its dynamism, blunted by the former questionings. New forms of coordinated and finalized studies, the projects-CNET are set up; a price-CNET is instituted, rewarding the best study. The Hundred find its place within the DGT (Head office of Telecommunications) and its credibility within research.
After 1985, the Hundred prepares the arrival of the communications by the video image and it, with enter others, the High banc, the multi-media one, and the voice recognition (by continuing the work started as of 1969). The first mobile services leave in 1990 with the Bi-Bop; the first digital terrestrial television is tested in 1993.
Lastly, on March 1st 2000, the Hundred exchange of name and becomes France Telecom Recherche & Développement .
External bonds
- historical Page of the Hundred
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