Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4th 1804, Dedham, Massachusetts, the United States - May 19th 1864, Plymouth, New Hampshire, the United States) is a American writer , author of news and novels.
Biography
The father of Hawthorne was captain in the merchant navy and wire of John Hathorn, one of the judges assessors to the lawsuits of the Sorcières of Salem. He died in the Surinam, carried by the yellow fever, in 1808: Hawthorne was high far from the world by his/her only mother as of the four years age. It made higher learning in Bowdoin College with Brunswick in the Maine, of 1821 with 1825 and bound to it friendship with Longfellow and the future president of the United States Franklin Pierce.
Hawthorne married in 1842 Sophia Peabody, illustrator and transcendantalist. The couple moved in with Concord, in the Massachusetts where they lived three years, close to Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Like her husband, Sophia Peabody was a recluse. Its headaches had nailed it with the bed until his/her sister presents it to Hawthorne. Hawthorne lived a long marriage and Sophia adored the work of her husband. In one of its newspapers, she wrote: “I if am always impressed and if confused by the richness, the depth, them… jewels of beauty of its production until I wait always impatiently a second reading, which will enable me to meditate, to inspire and take fully the miraculous abundance of the thoughts to me” .
After having been a few years employed of the office of the customs of Salem, the immediate success of the scarlet letter made it possible Hawthorne to live of its feather as of 1850. Thanks to the election of his/her friend Franklin Pierce, of which he had written the Biographie, with the presidency of the the United States, Hawthorne was named Consul with Liverpool in 1853 and there remained until in 1857. It returned to the the United States in 1860, right before the American Civil War, after two last years in Italy to join together documentation for its novel the marble Fauna .
Pierce, become unpopular because of its support for the slave cause was probably only close friend of the writer, who hardly snuffed the social life. The last years of its life were remembered by the disease, the depression and of the access of insanity. He died in the New Hampshire during a voyage with Franklin Pierce. Emerson qualified its existence of “painful loneliness”.
Hawthorne and Sophia Peabody had three children, Una (1844), Julian (1846) and Rose (1851). Una was mental handicapped person and died young person. Julian settled in the West of the the United States and wrote a book on his/her father.
Works
Hawthorne is known today for its Nouvelle S, which it called of the Conte S, and for its four large Romance S of 1850 - 1860: the scarlet letter ( The Scarlet Letter ), 1850; the house with the seven pinions ( The House off the Seven Gables ), 1851; Valjoie ( The Blithedale Lovesong ), 1852; the marble Fauna ( The Marble Faun ), 1860. Hawthorne anonymously published another novel, Fanshawe , in 1828 with the whole beginning of its career.Hawthorne published very many news without signing them or by using a Pseudonyme in various reviews, in particular The New-England Magazine and The United States Democratic Review . This news, or tales, was joined together in 1837 in a collection entitled Twice-Told Tales , published by Hawthorne for the first time under its true identity. The August 5th 1850, Hawthorne met Hermann Melville, his junior by about fifteen years, during a picnic organized by a mutual friend. Melville had just read a collection of news of Hawthorne, Moses from year Old Manse ( Mousses of an old presbytery ), which it celebrated later in a famous article ( “Hawthorne years His Moses” ). The two men gradually moved away one from the other after the publication of the house to the seven pinions . Melville however dedicated its Moby Dick to Hawthorne and their correspondence provides invaluable indications on the composition of this novel. The letters of Hawthorne with Melville were lost.
The texts of Hawthorne have the colonial New England for backdrop. Its news is generally Allégorie S morals influenced by its puritan education . Ethan Brand (1850) tells the history of a lime burner which takes the road to seek the “unforgivable sin”, and by doing this, makes it. One of the most famous news of Hawthorne, The Birth Mark ( the spot of birth , 1843) concerns a young doctor who removes a naevus of the face of his wife, an operation which will lead to dead this one: he learns too late that it is the spot of birth, the defect itself, which had kept it in life.
Recent studies concentrated on the narrative mode of Hawthorne, by describing it as construction car-conscious rhetoric that one would not have to confuse with the proper voice of Hawthorne. Such an approach complicates the tradition, old and dominant, which makes of Hawthorne a dark moralist, penetrated of culpability.
Summary bibliography
Novels
-
Fanshawe , 1828
- the scarlet Letter ( The Scarlet Letter ), 1850
- the House with the seven pinions ( The House off the Seven Gables ), 1851
- Valjoie ( The Blithedale Lovesong ), 1852
- the marble Fauna ( The Marble Faun ), 1860
Collection of news
(published in French under other titles, with a different compilation)-
Twice-Told Bruise , 1827, new version 1851
- Moses from year Old Manse , 1846, new version 1854
- The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales , 1852
- Lady Eleanore' S Mantle , and Other Tales off Mystery ( The Prophetic Pictures , The Birthmark , Rappaccini' S Daughter ), ED. Zulma, coll Classics, Paris, 2005, 96 p.
Books for children
Zh-min-nan: Nathaniel Hawthorne
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