Nathan Yalin Mor
Nathan Friedman (1913 - 1980), is more known under the name of Nathan Yalin Mor (or natan Yellin Mor). Under this name, it was one of the three leaders of the Lehi, a radical group armed Zionist with the years 1940 in Palestine.
Youth
Born in Poland, Nathan Yalin Mor joined rather young person the right Zionist (left revisionist), and more specifically his youth organization, the Betar. It rejoins then the left revisionist itself, and finally, in second half of the Thirties, the Irgoun. The latter is an organization armed near with the party revisionist, specialized as from 1936, and especially in 1937, in the attacks against the Palestinian civil population. End 1937 at the end of 1939, Irgoun thus makes several tens of attacks, which make approximately 250 Arab civilian victims.
See also: Irgoun
At the end of the years 1930, Yalin Mor will be the writer of the newspaper of Irgoun with Warsaw. It crosses there Avraham Stern, one of the leaders of Irgoun, charged by its organization with supervising the co-operation brought as from 1937 by the Polish government to Irgoun. More on this co-operation, even the chapter plane Lehi#Le “of evacuation”.
In May 1939, the power agent in Palestine, Great Britain, decides, following the Grande Arab Revolt in Palestine, to strongly slow down Jewish immigration towards Palestine, and promises to create a unit Palestinian state with Arab majority in 1949.
Irgoun, partly under the influence of Avraham Stern, decides to reorientate its actions against the United Kingdom. Attacks start to be made. But in September 1939, the Second world war bursts. David Ratziel, person in charge of Irgoun, decides on a cease-fire with the Great Britain, with an aim of fighting the Nazi Germany. Avraham Stern and the majority of the command of Irgoun refuses. In September 1940, Stern creates a new armed organization, which will be known later under the name of Lehi.
Attempt at making of contact with the Nazis
See also: Lehi
In 1941, Yalin Mor manages to leave Europe Nazi, and finds refuge in Palestine clandestinely. Hostile with the cease-fire of Irgoun, it rejoins the partisans of Stern. This one convinces it that the principal danger to the project Zionist in Palestine is not the Nazism, but the Great Britain. For this reason, Stern tried without success to contact the Nazi Germany since December 1940, in order to propose with this one one supports against Great Britain and for the departure of the Jews of Europe towards Palestine.
Yalin Mor will be that which will make the last attempt at contact. According to Yalin Mor, Stern showed to him “that it is necessary to know to establish a distinction between the adversary and the enemy. Our duty is to release our fatherland. For that purpose, we must use all the means, including an alliance with our enemy”. In December 1941, it is sent by Stern in Balkans to contact there the Third Reich. Denounced, it is stopped in Syria, before to have even passed the Turkish border. He is imprisoned by the British with the prison of Latroun, in Palestine. He learns in prison death from Stern, killed in February 1942.
Direction of Lehi
November 1st, 1943, Yalin Mor and 19 companions escape from the prison of Latroun by a tunnel clandestinely dug of 70 meters. They renew contact with what remains of Lehi, at the time directed by Yitzhak Shamir, future Prime Minister of Israel.
A new direction of Lehi is then formed. Called “the center”, it is made up of three Polish, all old of the Betar: Nathan Yalin Mor (political official), Yitzhak Shamir (responsible for the operations) and Israel Eldad (responsible for the Propaganda).
Lehi will multiply the attacks anti-British of at the beginning of 1944 to his dissolution by the Israeli authorities, in September 1948. Tens of British are killed.
The group is made up various political sensibilities (of the extreme left to the extreme right-hand side). But beyond its sensitivities, Lehi adopts at the end of 1943 at the beginning of 1944, under the influence of Yalin Mor, an “anti-impérialiste” vocabulary and pro-Soviet very distant from his origins (Avraham Stern was a declared sympathizer of Italian Fascism). “Lehi is perceived like a movement " révolutionnaire" who, contrary to the Irgoun, cut all his fasteners with the right revisionist”.
In 1947, a plan of division of Palestine east adopted by UNO, and the organization reorientates its actions against the Palestinian militants, but also against the civil population.
The massacre of Deir Yassin
See also: Massacre of Deir Yassin
It is within this framework that the massacre of Deir Yassin in April 1948 takes place, or 100 to 120 people are killed in a village attacked by a combined force of Lehi and Irgoun. Yalin Mor, political official of the organization seems to be shocked by the massacre. He will condemn it one year later, after the end of the war.
The assassination of the count Bernadotte
See also: Folke Bernadotte
Direction of Lehi (whose Yalin Mor) will make a last important decision at the end of the summer 1948, by deciding assassination of the mediator of the the United Nations, the count Folke Bernadotte, considered like taking too unfavourable positions in Israel. This one is assassinated in Jerusalem in September by a commando of the organization. In reaction, the Israeli government makes dissolve Lehi, qualified of terrorist organization.
“Yalin Mor and its assistant [Mattiyahu Shmulovitz]], condemned on February 2nd, 1949 to several years of prison, not for murder but for membership of an terrorist organization, will be slackened two weeks after all the other prisoners of Lehi will profit from a general amnesty”.
The “party of the combatants”
At the end of 1948, of the former members of Lehi create transitory “a party of the combatants”. With 5.300 votes, this one obtains 1 seat with the Knesset of January 1949, whose Nathan Yalin Mor will be the holder.
A first and single congress of the party are held of the 20 with the March 27th 1949. Three tendencies are identified, partly recovering sympathies of the three historic leaders: a tendency of “Extreme right-hand side” around Israel Eldad, a “center” tendency, itself composite, which gathers the members of left or right-hand side which want neither of the extreme right-hand side nor of the communist and which follow Yitzhak Shamir and Yalin Mor (which in spite of its Soviet standpoint pro still hesitates to rock frankly on the left) and a small left Soviet pro .
Especially links by its ultra Nationalisme, but very divided on the other subjects, the party will burst quickly. They are Eldad and its partisans who put in minority will be the first to make scission. The party will still condemn the Israeli-Arab Accords of armistice of 1949, which allot to the Egypt and the Jordan 23% of the Palestine agent. He claims still and always a Jewish state unified on all Palestine, even on the Jordan.
Many old Lehi, except however for Yalin Mor and Eldad, will join after the dissolution of the “party of the combatants” the new party Herout of the nationalist right.
Evolution on the left
Nathan Yalin Mor, faithful to its orientation Soviet pro, will evolve to the Israeli pacifist movements, and will become a fellow traveller of the Communist party of Israel after 1967. It will take part for example the May 11th 1973 in an Israeli-Arab conference held with Bologna “for peace and justice in the Middle East”, with dimensions of the Israeli Communist party, or of personalities like pacifist the Uri Avnery.
It will have nothing any more but one very marginal political influence.
Bonds
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