Nathalie Sarraute , of her true name Nathalie (Natacha) Tcherniak (Ivanovo, Russia, 1900 - Paris, 1999) is a writer E French of Russian origin . It is the mother of Claude Sarraute, journalist, novelist and actress.

Biography

Nathalie Sarraute, born under the name of Natalyia Tcherniak, sees the day the July 18th 1900 with Ivanovo, close to Moscow, in a family of the Jewish, easy and cultivated middle-class. After the divorce of his parents, the Nathalie young person leaves Russia for a time and comes to Paris with his mother. They live in the fifth district. She goes to the nursery school of the street of Feuillantines. Each year, it spends one month with her father, either to Russia, or to Switzerland. Nathalie Tcherniak turns over to Russia, in Saint-Pétersbourg, with her mother and the new husband of this one, Nicolas Boretzki. Ilyanova Tcherniak, the father of Nathalie, who has problems in Russia because of her political opinions, is constrained to emigrate in Paris. It will create a dye factory with Vanves.

The Nathalie young person grows with Véra, the second woman of his father, and has a cosmopolitan education. She indeed continues studies of English and Histoire to Oxford, of Sociologie to Berlin, and of Droit to Paris. She becomes then lawyer E, registered at the bar of Paris. She also starts an international career of lawyer. In 1925, it marries Raymond Sarraute, lawyer like it, and from this union are born three children: Claude, born in 1927, Anne and Dominique.

In parallel, Nathalie Sarraute discovers the literature of the 20th century, especially Marcel Proust, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, which upsets its design of the Romance . In 1932, it writes the first texts of what will become Tropismes where it analyzes the unperceivable reactions physical spontaneous, very thin with a stimulation: “indefinable movements which slip very quickly in extreme cases of the conscience; they are at the origin of our gestures, our words, the feelings which we express, that we believe to test and who it is possible to define”. Tropismes will be published in 1939 and will be greeted by Jean-Paul Sartre and max Jacob.

In 1941, Sarraute is erased by twice bar, following the anti-Jewish laws, and is devoted then to the Littérature.

She dies in Paris the October 19th 1999, at the 99 years age, and is buried with Chérence, in the Val-d'Oise.

Stakes of the writing

In 1956, Sarraute publishes the Era of the suspicion , test on the literature which challenges traditional conventions of the Romance . It in particular described there the innovative nature of works of Woolf, Kafka, Proust, Joyce and Dostoïevsky. It becomes then, with Alain Robbe-Grillet, Michel Butor or Claude Simon, a figurehead of the current of the Nouveau novel.

Sarraute ambitionne to reach a “anonymous matter like blood”, wants to reveal “the unvoiced comment, the not-solicitor”, all the universe of the “under-conversation”. Didn't one say of it that it had been fixed for objective “to paint the invisible one”? She excels detecting the “innumerable small crimes” which on us the words of others cause. These words are often alleviating, their destroying force hides under the carapace of the commonplaces, kindnesses of use, courtesies… Our appearances unceasingly reveal and mask at the same time these small dramas.

The term “Tropism”, borrowed from the scientific language, indicates, one knows it, the orientation of the plants according to their medium. To Sarraute, which entitled its first publication Tropismes , this term returns to almost insensitive interior movements due to external causes: stereotyped sentences, social conventions. Under the apparent banality of these linguistic conventions, there exist indeed complex human reports/ratios, intense feelings, even violent one (feelings of enfermement, anguish, panic). Sarraute describes them like instinctive movements, started by the presence of others or their words. Tropisms , refused by Gallimard and Grasset, will be recognized by the critic only one about fifteen years after its publication.

In 1983, Sarraute publishes Enfance , which revives the world disappeared from the Russian emigrants in Paris at the beginning of the 20th century. In this collection of isolated scenes, the author endeavors to find what constitutes its personality, endeavouring in particular to reconstitute his first meetings with the words, the pleasure of the reading and the introspective activity of the writing. Writing with two votes, this text is appeared as a dialog between the writer and his double, which subjects the autobiographical company to an at the same time constant and rigorous control.

Works

• Tropisms 1939 (compilation of texts)

• Portrait of an unknown 1948 (Romance)
• Martereau 1953
• the Era of the suspicion 1956 (test)
• the Planetarium 1959 (Romance)
• gold Fruits 1963 (Romance)
• Silence 1964 (theater)
• the Lie 1966 (theater)
• Between the life and death 1968
• Isma, or what is called anything 1970 (theater)
• You hear them? 1972 (Romance)
• It is beautiful 1975 (theater)
• “say the imbeciles” 1976 (Romance)
• It is 1978 there (theater)
• the Use of the word 1980
• For one yes or for nona 1982 (theater)
• Enfance 1983
• You do not like 1989
• It is 1993 there (theater)
• Ici 1995
• Open 1997
• Lecture 1998

The work of Nathalie Sarraute was translated in addition to thirty languages. She is one of the rare writers to be published of alive sound in the Bibliothèque of the Pleiad ( complete Œuvres , 1996).

External bonds

• BiblioWeb
• alalettre
• adpf.asso - and bonds given on the page
• remue.net - and bonds given on the page
• study-arts persons
• Thesis of Pierre Verdrager on the reception of the work of Nathalie Sarraute by the critical press
• Documentation on works of Nathalie Sarraute (Auteurs.contemporain.info site)