Nasium

Nasium , town of Gaulle, at the Leuques, in the East of France, is today Naix-with-Forging mills in the Meuse near Ligny-in-Barrois and of Bar-le-Duc.

The Gallo-Roman city of Nasium developed at the end of the III E below the Oppidum of Boviolles, on the level of the Confluence of the Ornain and the Barboure. During its maximum extension, the agglomeration will obtain a important Apparat monumental and will reach a surface of 120 ha, which in fact, with Metz, the major ancient city of Lorraine. At the 2nd century, the geographer Ptolémée qualified Nasium of “city of Leuques”.

The state of knowledge

The ancient agglomeration of Nasium seems to have profited from an economic predisposition undoubtedly also political from most favorable, given by the presence of the site height of Boviolles. The Oppidum Leuque lays out, indeed, before the Conquête, of developed functions, attested by the existence of a monetary workshop.

According to the diversity of the Numerary found, the sales network appears already well structured. The occupation Protohistorique and the development of agglomeration pi. The slip of the occupation of the site height towards the alluvial plain is traditionally dated from the time augustéenne. This assumption is founded on the date of construction of the first Fanum in Mazeroie between 20 and 5 av. J. - C. and on the discoveries isolated from currencies in the valley. The morphology of the plan of the agglomeration seems to induce a planning of space, letting suppose, at first sight, a creation ex nihilo. However the periodic exhumation of furniture protohistoric and the existence of Enclosed or Tumuli located by air Prospection with the site of the forum seem to show that the surroundings of the oppidum were occupied before the Conquest. But these installations were not important at the point to have blocked the regular establishment of the urban screen, organized according to the great transportation routes (Rheims - Toul - Metz and Naix - Langres).

According to the study of the furniture of the temple of Mazeroie, realized by J. Baudoux, the agglomeration seems to constitute as of the time augustéenne, a center of attraction for the trade and the romanisation of the sector. The recent data resulting from a rescue operation in the village, Low street, and of stratigraphic Observations on the banks of the Ornain, confirm the already important extension of the agglomeration. The italo-Gallic presence of Sigillée in is a good indicator. Indeed, of the Tesson S were found in stratigraphic Contexte on the plate (movable of the temple of Mazeroie) but also in the alluvial Plaine (Street Low and banks of Ornain; . But these data are still too very few for fully evaluating the urban phenomenon.

It seems that it is only during the period tibéro-claudienne that one attends the architectural development of the agglomeration. Whereas in Mazeroie, the light Fanum out of materials is destroyed, one assists, in the plain, with a series of constructions out of stone. In the Eastern sector, with the foot of the oppidum, a circular building whose function is badly defined, is built (terminus post quem 37 a. J. - C.; DENIS, 1845, F. 123.12; F. 124), while in the Western sector, with the site of the village, Low Street, one finds domestic levels established after levelling. Prospections of surface carried out on the site, by the specific collecting of furniture of first half of Ier century (Drag. 24/25 of Graufesenque in particular) give the indication of a general development of the occupation.

Vestiges

The majority of the elements extracted the excavations are exposed to the museum of Bar-le-Duc.

Sources

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