Nasir AD-DIN At-Tusi

Abû Ja `far Muhammad Ben Muhammad Ben Al-Hassan Nasîr AD-DIN At-Tûsî or Nasîr AD-DIN Tûsî (1201, with Keep silent currently in Iran - 1274, close to Baghdad) is a Philosophe, Mathématicien, Astronome, Théologien and Médecin Perse, of confession Shiite.

The scientist

He is regarded as one of the founders of the Trigonométrie.

Whereas the armies of Gengis Khan swept its country, Nasir At-Tusi escaped to join the ismaéliens, period during which it will contribute its more important shares to science, whereas it moved from one fortified town to another. It will end up joining the rows of Houlagou (the grandson of Gengis Khan), after the catch by Mongolian of the fortress of Alamut controlled by the Hashâchine S (Assassins).

Houlagou Khan will make build for him the observatory of Maragha, the greatest research center of sound époque.
Tusi will carry out extremely precise tables of the movement of the Planet S in its work Zij-i ilkhani ( Tables ilkhaniennes ). This book contains tables to calculate the positions of planets as well as the names of the star S. the planetary system that he had imagined was most advanced of its time and was used in an intensive way until Copernic develops its heliocentric model . Between Ptolémée and Copernic, he is regarded as the most eminent scientist on this subject. Of this work was drawn the Table from longitudes and the latitudes published in Latin by Greaves, London, 1652.

It had also calculated a value of 51" per century for the Precession of the equinoxes (the currently allowed value being of approximately 50 seconds), and contributed to the construction and the use of many astronomical instruments, among which Astrolabe S. It in addition carried out the first publication of the complete principles of plane trigonometry and sphérique.
According to certain historians, its work would have influenced the major work of Nicolas Copernic, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium .

A crater 60 kilometers in diameter on the southern hemisphere of the the Moon was baptized “Nasireddin” to pay homage to him.

The Shiite theologist

As a theologist, he is regarded as the principal one representing posterior Kalâm Shiite with the reform of Alamut.

Principal works

Rawazat At-taslîm , the most complete sum of the Ismaélisme reformed Alamut;
Comment of Ichârât of Avicenne, treated mainly responsible for the Iranian Avicennisme;
Tajrîd al' aqû' id (Release of the articlees of faith);
Qawâ' id al' aqû' id (bases of the articlees of faith);

With the Fosûl (chapters), these two treaties formulate in a systematic way the broad topics of the Chiisme duodécimain. They were the object of 70 studies and comments among which those of Allameh Hilli, Ghiyathoddin Mansur, Hosayn Khwansari, Hosayn Tonkaboni, Mohammad Jafar Langarudi.

Akhlâq-e hasîrî , treated of morals become traditional.
Caractériologie of the noble hearts , treated Shiite Sufism.

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