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Robert de Sorbon , born the October 9th 1201 with Sorbon, close to Rethel (the Ardennes) and dead the August 15th 1274 with Paris, is a theologist French, founder of the Sorbonne.
One of these poor schoolboys which requested alms from Paris, and to which the hope to obtain an ecclesiastical benefit made support the extreme rigors of the study, Robert de Sorbon was high with priesthood, receipt doctor, and equipped with a canonicat in the church of Cambrai. Its sermons and its conferences of piety acquired so great reputation to him that the king holy Louis appointed it his chaplain, then its confessor.
With an aim of levelling with the poor schoolboys the obstacles which it had met in the course the course of its studies, it establishes a company of ecclesiastics who, living joint, had to occupy themselves only to give free lessons. Those of his/her friends who contributed more to the new foundation were Guillaume de Bray, archdeacon of Rheims, Robert of Douai, canon and doctor of the queen, Geoffroi de Bar, later cardinal, and Guillaume of Chartres, one of the chaplains of the king.
By an act of the October 21st 1250, the White queen , regent during the First crusade, yielded with Master Robert de Sorbon, Cambric canon, for the residence of the poor schoolboys, a house which had belonged to one named Jean of Orleans, and contiguous stables of Pierre Spade-L' Ass ( $petri Pungentis-Asinum ) located in the street Cut-Mouth, in front of the palate due Thermes . This act, oldest that one knows for the Sorbonne, does not include/understand, like royal equipment, which what we come from this. The remainder of the act contains the exchange of various houses between the king and Robert.
Thus was founded in Paris, two years after, in 1253, the Collège of Sorbonne which became, thereafter, the most famous house of the Université of Paris was called, of the name of Robert, the Sorbonne. The foundation was confirmed by the king in 1257.
In February 1258 and in 1263, Robert made two other exchanges of houses with the king and, to admit the generosity of Robert to be provided by his foundation and his ceaseless zeal, with the needs for the student poor, him the title of headmaster was given. No matter what says some of Boulay, there were as of the first days of the foundation not point sixteen stock-brokers, but of the doctors, the stock exchange and nonstock exchange graduates, and of the student poor. This organization remained until in 1790.
Robert ordered that, to be member of his college, one would receive only hosts ( hospites ) and associates ( socii ), all and sundry subjected to various examinations before their reception. As he did not believe to have to exclude the rich person, he also accepted nonstock exchange associates ( socii not bursales ), obliged with the same examinations and the same exercises as the stock exchange associates, with this only difference which they paid at the house five pennies and half parisis per week, sum equal to that one gave to the stock-brokers. Robert wanted that all is managed and regulated by the socii , which all were equal and had neither superior nor the main thing.
In addition to the Theology, which one taught in all his parts, Robert wanted that there is always in its college of the doctors applying particularly to the Morale and the solution of the cases of conscience, from which comes that, since its time, the Sorbonne was consulted of all the parts of Europe.
When it had firmly established its company for the theology, approved in 1259 by the pope Alexandre IV, Robert added to it, in 1271, another college for the Humanités and the Philosophie, which remained until in 1635, where Richelieu demolishes it to build on its site the current church of the Sorbonne.
Become canon of Paris in 1258, Robert was acquired such a reputation by its theological foundation, its piety and its works, that the princes even often consulted it and that they took it for referee on some important occasions. By its will, of 1270, it bequeathed to the Company of Sorbonne all its goods, which were considerable.
One has of Robert de Sorbon of the Latin works to the style flat and even coarse which show more piety than of scholarship. The principal ones are: Of conscientia , Super confessione , Iter Paradisi , all three inserted in the Library of the Fathers; small Notes on the Writing, impr. in the edict. of Menochius, by the father Tournemine; statutes of the house and Company of Sorbonne, in 38 articles, statutes which it drew up only after having controlled its college during more than eighteen years; a great number of sermons, remained handwritten in the library of Sorbonne.
Sources
- Ferdinand Hoefer, New general Biography , T. 44, Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1868, p. 206
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