Nakaz

Nakaz (Russian : Наказкомиссииосоставлениипроектановогоуложения) is a political treaty of philosophy by Catherine II of Russia, published in 1767.

Description

The empress presents to it her political theories inspired of Montesquieu and Beccaria for the commission of the laws of her country, joined together in 1767 with an aim of replacing the Muscovite code of the laws by a modern text.

This text proclaimed the equality of all the men in front of the law and disapproved the capital punishment and torture, anticipating in that certain subjects tackled later on by the Constitution of the United States of America and the Polish Constitution.

Written by Catherine II in French and translated into Russian by his care, Nakaz will be published in parallel in Russian and German the August 10th 1767. It will be also published in Italian. The Russian version of this text, which is the only official version, is pressed on the signed document and seal by the empress, preserved at the Files of old acts with Moscow.

Denis Diderot commented on the work in its Observations on Nakaz ( 1774), following the many talks which it had with the Empress.

References

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