Número de Fibonacci

This page relates to the year 1559 Calendrier Julien.

Events

America

Africa

Ethiopia

Europe

  • January 1st: Died of Christian III of Denmark in captivity with Kalundborg. The succession is made without clashes in favor of Frederic II (1534 - 1588) which becomes king of Denmark and of Norway.
    • Golden age of the Danish nobility: the country is exporter of grains and cattle. The noble ones, which has negotiable surpluses, repurchase the grounds of the free peasants to make of them tenants subjected to payments in kind or drudgeries. The économico-social system evolves to the large populated seigniory of tenant.
  • March 12th and April 2nd: First treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis concludes between Henri II and Elisabeth I {{Re}}, queen of England. Against the payment of 500.000 ecus France preserves Calais taken the previous year by the duke François de Guise.
  • April 3rd: Second treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, the France, the Duchy of Savoy and the Spain sign an unfavorable peace for France. France loses its Italian possessions, but preserves the marquisat Saluces, as well as the fortresses of Pignerol, Chieri, Savillan and Turin on the Savoy; Henri II returns all his states, Bresse included/understood, with the duke of Savoy; and keeps the Three bishoprices. End of the Wars of Italy. The Spain is main Italy, except Venice, Genoa and the Duché of Savoy. The pile cluster negotiates the marriage of Philippe II of Spain with Elisabeth de France (1545 - 1568).
    • Emmanuel-Philibert becomes again duke of Savoy (fine in 1580). It creates a State extremely founded on the French model of the absolute monarchy.
  • May 12th: Following the signature of the Treated of Cateau-Cambrésis, creation of the diocese of Cambric which separates from that of Tournai, at the same time as the Archevêché of Utrecht.
  • July 10th: The duke Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy wife Marguerite de France, sister of Henri II of France.
  • August: Marguerite of Parma (1522 - 1586) is named controlling general Netherlands under the supervision of the consulted (fine in 1567). Installation of Spanish troops, creation of 14 new évêchés and three archbishop's palaces (Utrecht, Malines and Cambrai) and reinforcement of religious persecution.
  • December 25th: Beginning of the Pontificate of Black and white IV (fine in 1565).
    • Philippe II of Spain requires the resumption of the Concile of Thirty. The emperor, the French and the Germans wish the opening of a new council to reach an agreement with the Protestants. Pie IV chooses to take again the meetings with Thirty (1562).

  • Fight of Philippe II of Spain against the reform with the Netherlands, which count a score of churches calvinists.
  • the provinces of Holland, Zealand and Utrecht choose same the Stathouder (ordering armies and fleets), Guillaume Ier of Orange-Nassau.
  • the Palatinat passes from the Luthéranisme to the Calvinisme.
  • Duchy of Savoy: the Parliaments of Turin and Chambéry take the name of Senate. French and Italian replace Latin in the instruments. The duke endeavors to ensure of the regular resources to the country, to develop his military power and to restore the economy. He takes a decree abolishing serfdom.
  • Turkish Establishment with Valona, on the Adriatic .

Iberian peninsula

  • August: Philippe II, of return of Flanders, settles with Valladolid (1559-1561). It will not leave any more the Spain. Its nonSpanish advisers are isolated principal stations.
  • August 23rd: Imprisonment of the primacy of Espagnes, Dominican the Bartolomé de Carranza, former confessor of Charles Quint, by the Enquiry on the faith of the charges of the marked Lutherans. They stated to have learned their doctrines in its writings and after study by a commission from theologist of its Commentaires on Christian Catechism . The lawsuit trails until in 1576.
  • November 16th: Philippe II seizes the diezmos of the mar , rights charged before by the descendants of the Constable of Castille.

  • Auto-da-fe S with Seville (1559 and 1560), with Valladolid (May and October 8th). The king is present in person at the second auto-da-fe of Valladolid which includes/understands 26 executions for heresy.
  • Procès of the theologist Constantino Sandpapers of Fuente for Lutheranism.
  • Food shortage with Valence.

British Isles

  • January 15th: Crowning of the Queen Elisabeth Anger of England, queen until in 1603. She takes again the control of the Église Anglican and regulates the worship on a compromise between Catholicisme and Protestantisme.
  • April:
    • Act of supremacy. the Parliament grants to Elisabeth the title of supreme governor of the Church of England.
    • Act of Uniformity: re-establishment of the Church Anglican (authority of the '' Book off Common Prayer ''). Sanctions are established for the dissidents.
  • May 2nd: The preacher calvinist John Knox turns over in Scotland after his exile in France and with Geneva to lead the Protestant fight. He founds the Presbytérianisme.
  • July 10th: Marie Stuart, wife of François II, becomes queen of France (1559 - 1560).
  • : Matthew Parker becomes archbishop of Canterbury (fine in 1575). Of tradition calvinist, it is in favor of the unification of the various tendencies in the Church of England. It is one of the authors of the Thirty-nine articles .

  • Elisabeth refuses to marry Philippe II of Spain. Negociation take place for a union with his/her cousin Charles de Styrie, archduke of Austria between 1559 and 1567, then with the court of France, successively with Charles IX, then his brothers the duke of Anjou and François d' Alençon (1564 - 1584), but without more success.
  • Marriage of Martin Frobisher.

France

  • May 18th: Fire known as of the Universities to Bourges, which starts in a building being next to the buildings of the university, near the cathedral. Surrounded by all sides by the flames, this one is seriously damaged: the roofs of the vaults are destroyed, as well as the organ, and even the frontage is touched, with the destruction of the lenternon pinion.
  • May 28th: First national synod of the calvinists with Paris. They adopt a confession of faith (Confession of La Rochelle, 1572) and a discipline.
  • June 2nd: Edict of Ecouen against the heretics.
  • June 10th: Henri II goes to the Parlement of Paris for a Lit of justice, in order to give to the step the magistrates obliging with Réformés. Six magistrates, whose Anne of the Borough, is stopped at the conclusion of their interventions against the royal will.
  • June 30th: Tournament during the festival of the weddings of the sister of the king, Marguerite de France with the duke Emmanuel-Philibert of Savoy, and the Elisabeth princess with Philippe II of Spain. The king Henri II of France is wounded with the eye by Gabriel de Montgomery.
  • July 10th: Died of Henri II. His/her oldest son succeeds to him without disorders. France enters during one time of political instability marked by the efforts of Catherine de Médicis to reconcile Catholique S and Protestants like its failure in this reconciliation
  • September 21st: Crown with Rheims François II, king de France (fine in 1560). François de Guise and the cardinal of Lorraine reigns as Masters at the court of their nephew, François II. They move away Diane from Poitiers and draw aside the former advisers of which Montmorency.
    • repression against the Protestants is accentuated. With the autumn, the “Malcontents” gather around the prince of Condé.
  • December 23rd: Execution of Anne of the Borough like heretic in Place of Strike.

  • France counts more of a million members of the various reformed Churches.

Poland & Russia

  • October: The large-Master of the Carry-Swords in Livonie, Gotthard Kettler, sign a truce with Ivan IV of Russia. The town of Narva refuses the truce. The Russians take his citadel by storm.
  • Dantzicois stop English ships which went to Narva.

Art & culture

  • the pope Paul IV, by the Index, prohibited hostile writings with the Church. The congregation of the Index publishes the list of the prohibited works.
  • works of Erasme are put at the index by the Spanish Inquisition.
  • Creation of the academy of Geneva. Calvin takes part in the teaching of the academy.

Economy & company

  • the office of the currency with Augsburg in Germany tries to build a monetary unit.
  • 90  000 English cloth coins are brought to Antwerp.
  • Attempt at regrouping of the financial farms of the king of France in the shape of a “general farm”. The budget of the State at the end of the years 1550 plank 190 tons of money equivalent. The debt of the State cumulated since the beginning of the century goes up to 43 million books, that is to say three times the annual budget.
  • Jean Nicot becomes ambassador of France to the Portugal (fine in 1561). It will bring back of it the use of the Tabac.
  • Tax on drinks in Low-Austria ( Tranksteuer ).
  • Introduction of the Tulip to the Netherlands.

Births in 1559

Death in 1559

Be-X-old: 1559 Map-bms: 1559 Simple: 1559

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