Mydriase
The mydriase characterizes an increase in the diameter of the Pupille, contrary to the Myosis.
The mydriase is a normal reaction to the half-light. It is in this case bilateral and reactive (the lighting of an eye involves the regression of the mydriase of the two eyes). This reaction (and its opposite) require the integrity of a circuit including/understanding:
- the Retina,
- the Optical nerve,
- cerebral surfaces of the Vision,
- the Pupil.
One can carry out an artificial mydriase by instillation of Collyre ß2-mimetic in the eye. This is in particular used for certain ophthalmologic examinations (like the observation of the retina).
The symmetrical aréactive mydriase (the two pupils are dilated and do not contract with the light) is a sign of important cerebral suffering as it can see following a cardiorespiratory Arrêt, but also in some Coma S of various origin. In Slang of emergency Medicine, one speaks about a patient in “full headlights”.
A unilateral mydriase (of only one eye), is characterized by a Anisocorie. It can indicate an attack of any left the circuit describes above and can sometimes be revealing of a grave disease (compression by a Tumeur, Hématome will intra cerebral…). A specialized opinion is necessary.
The observation of the pupils and the test of the pupillary reflexes thus form part of the evalualuation of the neurological state of the patient.
Another significance
Mydriase is also the title of a literary test of Jean-Marie-Gustave Clézio.
Mydriatique
A mydriatic is an agent which induces the dilation of the pupil, for example the Atropine, the Tropicamide or the Sulfate of duboisine.
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