Mushroom town
A mushroom town is a city which knows a population growth and economic fast and sudden. This phenomenon of growth generally related to is discovered near an invaluable raw material layer, like the Or, the Pétrole, the Argent; the expression can also apply to cities which cross quickly for other reasons, like the vicinity of important a Agglomération, an important program of public Travaux, a favorable climate, or an attraction.
It is the Gold rush with the the United States of America which gives the most known examples of mushroom towns. Those emerged sometimes in the middle of the desert, in the middle of a mining layer. At the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, industrial towns knew the same phenomenon, as well as cities built for the exploitation of the forest resources (those during one decade)
Fort McMurray with the Canada is a recent example of mushroom town, created around the exploitation of bituminous schists.
Characteristics
The mushroom towns are obviously mainly characterized by this exponential growth as well demographic as economic, the new arrivals being attracted either by top-wages, concession minings, the climate or other attractive characteristics. In parallel, of many companies settle and provide to the workmen what to spend their pay, and to the companies of extraction of what to be equipped. Often, the mushroom towns combine economic prosperity and social rupture, such as for example the local cultures and the Infrastructures which must adapt to the waves of emigrants.
The mushroom towns are dependant to the extreme on an activity or a single resource which is at the origin of starting (mine, factory or other), which causes a collapse when the resources are exhausted, collapse which can be as fast as the growth. Sometimes, the city entirely or is almost entirely deserted, thus giving a phantom Ville.
The mushroom town can be born according to a plan: the mining companies thus create cities dedicated to the exploitation of a mine, with all the services and trade, and destroy them as the mine is exhausted.
Examples
- Names, Alaska
- Fairbanks, Alaska (during the gold rush of the Klondike and the construction of the pipeline of Alaska)
- Fort McMurray, Alberta
- Graysonia, Arkansas
- Tombstone, Arizona
- Bodie, California
- Sacramento, California
- San Francisco, California
- Deadwood, South Dakota
- Chicago, Illinois
- Caldwell, Kansas
- Dodge City, Kansas
- Ellsworth, Kansas
- Virginia City, Nevada
- Rochester, New York (in the Années 1820 with the opening of the Canal Érié starts)
- Cromwell, Oklahoma
- Cincinnati, Ohio (first mushroom town in the United States)
- Elliot Lake, Ontario
- Lake Oswego, Oregon
- Beaumont, Texas
- Burkburnett, Texas
- El Paso, Texas
- Kilgore, Texas
- Jeffrey City, Wyoming
See too
Articles of Wikipédia
Sources
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